Chapter-Three-商务信函的翻译

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ChapterThree商务信函的翻译返回知识目标:1.了解商务信函的行文方式、格式和文体特点。2.掌握商务信函的常用翻译技巧。能力目标:1.能够正确翻译商务信函常用词汇和句型。2.能够熟练地翻译各类商务信函。BusinessLetters返回商务信函(businessletters)商务信函涉及商务活动的各个环节,贯穿商务活动的始终,内容广泛,通常包括建立业务关系(establishbusinessrelationship)、产品推销、资信查询、询盘(inquiry)、发盘(offer)、还盘(counter-offer)、订购、支付、订立合同(placingorders)、保险(insurance)、装运通知、索赔(claim)和邀请致谢等方面。返回1.英语商务信函的结构英语商务信函的构成一般可分为:1.1基本部分,包括:(a)信头(LetterHead)(b)日期(Date)(c)封内地址(InsideAddress)(d)称呼(SalutationorGreeting)(e)信的正文(BodyoftheLetter)(f)结尾敬语(ComplimentaryClose)(g)签名(Signature),签名下方为打字署名及职务1.2其他部分,包括:(a)附件(Enclosure/Encl./Enc)(b)附言(Postscript/P.S.)(c)经办人姓名(AttentionLine)(d)事由(SubjectLine/Caption,或信笺上已打印好的“Re”)(e)查号或参考编号(ReferenceNo.---OurRef./YourRef),包括我方查询号和/或对方查询号(f)抄送(CarbonCopy/CopyNotation/c.c.),返回•信头(letterhead)通常印在信笺上,包括公司名称、地址,也有的包括电话号码,电传或电报挂号、简短广告语等,位置可居中、居左或居右。日期:•Thedateshouldbeplacedthreetosixspacesbelowtheletterheadtotherightforintendedstyle(缩进式)andtotheleftforblockstyle(齐头式).Thereisatendencytoomitthe–th,-stand–rdthatfollowtheday.(e.g.2Junefor2ndJune).•Avoidgivingthdatesinfigures,forthepracticetowritedatesvariesindifferentcountries.Englishpracticefollowstheorderofday,monthandyearwhileitistheU.S.practicetowriteintheorderofmonth,dayandyear.Forexample,2/3/1986couldbetakenaseitherFebruary3orMarch2.•Itisnotrecommendedtouseabbreviationofthemonth,e.g.“Nov”shouldbechangedinto“November”.•Twowidelyusedstylesareacceptable:June12,2010or12thJune,2010封内地址•Thenameandaddressofthereceiveristypedartheleft-handmarginatleasttwolinesbelowthedate.•Itisplacedattheleftmarginbothwiththeblockandmodifiedblockstyles.•Whileaddressingyourlettertoaspecificreaderyoumayusethereader’sjobtitlelike:Director,Manager,Professor---oroneofthetraditionalcourtesy(礼貌)title:Mr.,Mrs.,Miss,orMs.•Althoughsomewomenpreferthetraditionaltitle:Mrs,orMiss,whenunsureaboutherpreferenceorthemarriagestatus,youaresafetouseMs.•称呼•Thesalutationisalwaystypedintheleftmarginandtwo-fourlinesbelowtheinsideaddress.•Itisusuallyfollowedbyacolonoracomma.•DearSir:(orDearSir,)•DearSirs:(orDearSirs,英国人偏爱此,美国人喜欢用Gentlemen)•DearMr.Woods/DearMrs.Chen/DearMs.Moran/DearMessrs.Moran(whentwoormoreaddresseessharethesamesurname)/DearMmes.Moran(whentwoormorewomensharethesamefamilyname)•Gentlemen:(ratherthanDearGentlemen:)/Ladies:(ratherthanDearLadies:)•LadiesandGentlemen:•DearMadam(不论已婚还是未婚的女性)•DearDr.Jablons(sometimesprofessionaltitleusedtoshowbusinesscourtesy)•DearProfessorTravis:(Prof.isnotrecommended)•DearPurchasingAgent:(whentheindividual’snameunknown,directthelettertotheperson’sprofessionaltitle.)•信的正文•Ifthereisnosubjectlineinbetween,themessagebeginstwolinesbelowthesalutation.Double-spacingisusedtoseparateparagraghs.•结尾敬语(ComplimentaryClose)•Placeitonthesecondlinebelowthelastlineofthemessageandwiththeleftmargin•Yoursfaithfully,(formal)•Yourstruly,(formal)•Faithfullyyours,(formal)•Sincerelyyours,(semiformal)•Yourssincerely,(semiformal)•签名•Everybussinesslettermustbesigned,Thesignatureindicatestheapprovaloftheresponsibilityforthecontentoftheletter.•Putitfourorfivelinesbelowandalignwiththecomplimentaryclose.•Thetypewrittensignatureandthetitlearetypedbelowwthehandwritingsignature.•Yoursfaithfully,(Yoursigature)HuiMa(orMissHuiMa,thecourtesytitleofawomantoindicatehowthewomanwouldprefertobeaddressed.)PersonalDirector现在外国人也逐渐习惯中国人名的拼音表示法,即不用把姓和名倒过来了。如何翻译称呼和结尾敬语最糟糕的莫过于将“DearMadam”译为“亲爱的夫人”,而将“Yourssincerely”译为“您的忠诚的”,它们只是程式上的要求,不能等字面直译。•目前翻译方法有:•1)对“Dear”回避不译。•2)也有很大一部分译为“亲爱的”•3)沿用我国旧式书信中的启事语,如“敬启者”,”谨启者”。•4)采用我国旧式书信中的敬称,如“执事先生”,“台鉴”;如果确称具体的人,如“DearMrYang”则译为“杨先生台鉴。除台鉴外,类似的敬辞还有“惠鉴”,“玉鉴”,“均鉴”,“大鉴”,“尊鉴”。•5)更喜欢译为“”某某先生/某某女生/某某同志•结尾的敬语,不能直译为“您的忠诚的”,译为“谨启”,“谨上”,“敬上”;如果是回信,译为“谨复”。•1)Yourfavorableinformationwillbeappreciated.•2)Yourearlyreplywillbehighlyappreciated.•3)Awaitingyourimmediatereply.•1)恭候佳音。•2)如蒙早复,不胜感谢!•3)请即复。2.英语商务信函的文体特点•2.1.词汇特点:pp164-170•(1)用词规范正式•Inform–adviceduplicate–copy•(2)专业性强•(3)用语朴素,淡于修饰返回•2.2.句法特点:pp171-172•(1)句式正规完整•(2)用陈述句表示委婉的祈使意义•(3)大量使用套语•(4)使用倒装句•2.3.语篇特点:七“C”原则:•完整(completeness)•简洁(conciseness)•具体(concreteness)•正确(correctness)•清楚(clarity)•体谅(consideration)•礼貌(courtesy)(1)在语气上,要以收函人为中心,礼貌而且友好。Youearn2%discountwhenyoupaycash.Weallow2%discountforcashpayment.YourorderwillbedeliveredbyUPSintimeforyoursalespromotionJune15.WehaveshippedyourorderbyUPSandwemakesureitwillarriveintimeforthe…“Pleaseletusknow...”也胜过“Youfailtotellus...”。返回(2)在选词上力求准确清楚,避免陈词、长词及词义重复。“Above-mentionedpolicy”中的“above-mentioned”是一长词,我们也应该避免使用,可改为,“Thispolicy”。“Pleasesendusyourcatalogueatonceandbyreturnmail.”在此句中出现了词义重复的现象,应该改为“Pleasesendusyourcatalogatonce.”返回(3)在内容表达上要言简意赅,能够传达足够信息且能够做到机智的表达。“Bythisletterwewouldaskyoutoconsiderourproposal.”就不如”Pleaseconsiderourproposal.”简洁;“Pleaseletusknowwheneverwecanbehelpful.”则比“Wheneverthereisanywayinwhichwecanbeofassistance,pleasefeelfreetocontactus.”表达好一些。返回(4)商务信函的语言须准确、完整,包含一切必要的信息贵方要求短期内交贵方所订货物。Youaskveryshortdeliveryforyourorder.Yourequirequick/promptdeliveryofyourorder.返回3.商务信函的翻译技巧商务信函的翻译本质上仍然是语篇层次上的翻译,必然要求我们综合运用有关的翻译方法和技巧,譬如,词类转换、语序调整、省词略词、语气转换、分句合句等等,但毕竟商务信函不同于其他题材,还必须结合自身的特点来进行翻译。3.1、遵循“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准3.2、注意信函结构程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