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摘要当今世界，电子技术迅猛发展，点阵式显示器件作为现代信息显示的重要媒体，在金融证券、体育、机场、交通、商业、广告宣传、邮电电信、指挥调度、国防军事等许多领域中得到了广泛应用。因此点阵式显示器件的研制、生产也的到了迅速的发展，并逐步形成产业，成为光电子行业的新兴产业领域。由于LED电子显示屏具有所显内容信息量大,外形美观大方,操作使用方便灵活.适用于火车,汽车站,码头,金融证券市场,文化中心,信息中心体育设施等公共场所.该项目广泛涉及了计算机及电子技术中的电源技术,单片机技术,数据通讯技术,显示技术,存储技术,系统软件技术,接口及驱动等技术.我国经济发展迅猛,对信息传播有越来越高的要求.可以相信,LED电子显示屏以其色彩鲜亮夺目,大的显示信息量,寿命长,耗电量小,重量轻,空间尺寸小,稳定性高,易于操作,安装和维护等特点,将在社会经济发展中扮演越来越重要的角色。利用单片机对整个系统进行总体控制，进行显示所要显示的字符。显示方式分为三种：逐字显示、上滚显示、左滚显示，其中显示字模数据由单片机输入显存，点阵的点亮过程有程序控制，由驱动电路完成，点阵采用单色显示，该显示器电路的特点是：点阵的动态显示过程占用时间比较短，亮度比较高，而且亮度可以改变电阻进行调节。本文以Proteus为软件平台，设计制作一套51系列单片机实验系统。【关键词】单片机点阵LED电子显示屏AbstractIntoday'sworld,therapiddevelopmentofelectronictechnology,dot-matrixdisplaydeviceasamoderninformationdisplayoftheimportantmedia,inthefinancialsecurities,sports,airport,transportation,commercial,advertising,postandtelecommunications,commandandcontrol,nationaldefensemilitary,andmanyotherareashavebeenwidelyapplied.Sodot-matrixdisplaydevicesinthedevelopment,productionandtotherapiddevelopment,andgraduallyformedaoptoelectronicstradeindustry,thenewindustryfields.BecauseLEDelectronicdisplayhasshowninformativecontent,abeautifulappearance,convenientinoperationisflexible.Applytothetrain,busstation,wharf,financialsecuritiesmarket,culturalcenter,informationcentersportsfacilitiesinotherpublicplaces.Thisprojectinvolvesawidecomputerandelectronictechnologyofpowertechnology,singlechipmicrocomputer,datacommunicationtechnology,displaytechnology,storagetechnology,systemsoftwaretechnology,interfaceanddrivetechnology.China'seconomicdevelopmentofinformationtransmissionhasrapidly,andmoreandmorehighrequirements.CanbelievethatLEDelectronicdisplaybyitscolorbrightisdazzing,largedisplayinformation,longlife,smallpowerconsumption,lightweight,smallsize,highstability,space,easytooperate,installationandmaintenanceandothercharacteristics,inthesocialeconomydevelopmentwillplaymoreandmoreimportantrole.Usingsinglechipcomputerinoverallcontrolofthewholesystem,displayshouldshowthecharacters.Displaymodeisdividedintothreetypes:wordforworddisplay,rollingdisplay,left,whichshowsthatfontthatrollofmicrocomputerdatainputthevideomemory,bitmaplightenedprocesshasprogramcontrol,bydrivingcircuitiscompleted,themonochromaticshowthatthedotmatrixdisplaycircuitfeaturesare:dotmatrixthedynamicdisplayoftheprocesstaketimeisshort,brightnessishigher,andbrightnesscanchangeresistanceontheadjustment.Inthispaper,thesoftwareplatform,Proteusfordesignasetof51seriesSCMexperimentsystem.Keywords:SCMlatticeLEDelectronicdisplay目录一．引言···························································3二．LED概述·······················································41.LED电子显示屏概述············································42.LED电子显示屏的分类···········································4三．系统概述·······················································71.整体结构······················································72.单片机系统作用及应用··········································73.发展趋势······················································8四．LED显示屏控制技术状况·········································101.串行传输与并行传输技术········································102.动态扫描与静态锁存技术········································103.自动检测及远程控制技术········································10五．硬件电路设计···················································111.总体设计······················································112.系统硬件选择··················································123.系统硬件概述··················································124.LED点阵的内部结构及工作原理··································135.系统总体电路图················································156.硬件焊接······················································15六．软件设计·······················································171.程序设计总体思路··············································172.程序流程图····················································173.各模块程序设计················································18七．系统的硬件及软件调试···········································20总结·······························································22致谢·······························································23参考文献···························································24附录引言LED（LightEmittingDiode），发光二极管，简称LED，是一种能够将电能转化为可见光的固态的半导体器件，它可以直接把电转化为光。LED的心脏是一个半导体的晶片，晶片的一端附在一个支架上，一端是负极，另一端连接电源的正极使整个晶片被环氧树脂封装起来。半导体晶片由两部分组成，一部分是P型半导体，在它里面空穴占主导地位，另一端是N型半导体，在这边主要是电子。但这两种半导体连接起来的时候，它们之间就形成一个“P-N结”。当电流通过导线作用于这个晶片的时候，电子就会被推向P区，在P区里电子跟空穴复合，然后就会以光子的形式发出能量，这就是LED发光的原理。多个LED发光灯组成固定的字符或图形进行显示，即形成LED点阵图文显示屏。其主要特征是只控制LED点阵中各发光器件的通断（发光或熄灭），而不控制LED的发光强弱。LED点阵的汉字显示方式是先根据所需要的汉字提取汉字点阵（如8×8点阵），将点阵文件存入ROM，形成新的汉字编码；而在使用时则需要先根据新的汉字编码组成语句，再由MCU根据新编码提取相应的点阵进行汉字显示。LED点阵显示具有如下特点：（1）电压：LED使用低压电源，供电电压在6-24V之间，根据产品不同而异，所以它是一种比使用高压电源更安全的电源。（2）效能：消耗能量比同光效的白炽灯减少80%。（3）适用性：每个单元LED小片是3-5mm的正方形，所以可以制备成各种形状的器件，并且适合于易变的环境。（4）稳定性：10万小时，光衰为初始的50%。（5）响应时间：其白炽灯的响应时间为毫秒级，LED灯的响应时间为纳秒级。（6）对环境污染：无有害金属汞。由于LED的众多优势，在市场中得到了广泛的应用，主要应用领域有：（1）、信号指示应用：信号照明是LED单色光应用比较广泛也是比较早的一个领域，约占LED应用市场的4%左右。（2）、显示应用：指示牌、广告牌、大屏幕显示等，LED用于显示屏幕的应用约占LED应用的20%—25%，显示屏幕可分为单色和彩色。（3）、照明应用：便携灯具，汽车用灯，特殊照明。由于LED尺寸小，便于动态的亮度和颜色控制，因此比较适合用于建筑装饰照明。