虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结

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虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法先看一道高考题:____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven(答案是A)句中...thetreescouldhavegrownbetter是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.来表示,就不难理解了。很多情况下,在表示假设的虚拟语气中,有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达,而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系,或用其它形式表达出来,我们称之为含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下:一、介词短语常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with,without,in,under,butfor等等,它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。(1)without,withwithout表示否定的条件,意为if...not;with与without意义相反,表示肯定的条件。如:Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.(withoutair=iftherewerenoair)没有空气,便没有生物。Withherhelp(=IfIhadherhelp),Iwoulddotheexperimentwell.假如有她帮助,我就可以把这个实验做好。(2)underUndertheleadershipofalessexperiencedperson,theexperimentwouldhavefailed.(under...=Iftherehadbeentheleadershipofalessexperiencedperson)假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验,实验准会失败。(3)inIwouldhavelostmyheadinthatposition.(inthatposition=ifIhadbeeninthatposition)我处在那种情况下,是会丧失理智的。(4)butforButfortheirhelp(=Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp),wecouldnotgetoverthedifficulties.要不是他们的帮助,我们是克服不了这些困难的。二、连接词or,otherwise,but,butthat等等I'mreallybusy,otherwise(=ifIweren'tsobusy),Iwouldcertainlygowithyou.我确实太忙了。不然的话,我一定和你一块去。ButthatIsawit(=IfIhadnotseenit),Icouldnothavebelievedit.要不是亲眼看见的话,我是不会相信的。三、分词短语United(=Iftheyhadbeenunited),theywouldn'thavebeendefeated.他们要是团结起来,就不会被打败。Seenfromahighmountain(=Ifitwereseenfromahighmountain),thefieldinwhichwheatisgrowingwouldlooklikeagreatgreensea.倘若从高山上看,麦田就像一片碧绿的大海。四、动词不定式短语Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttoanswerinthisway.(=ifweansweredinthisway)如果这样回答,只对一部分。TohearhimspeakEnglish(=IfoneweretohearhimspeakEnglish),onewouldthinkhimanEnglishman.要是听他讲起英语来,人们会认为他是一个英国人。五、形容词或其比较级的形式Alessdifficultproblemwouldhavealreadybeensolved.(=Iftheproblemhadbeenlessdifficult,itwouldhavealreadybeensolved.)要是问题不那么难的话,它早就被解决了。Anhonestmanwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereanhonestman,hewouldnotdosuchathing.)诚实的人是不会做这种事的。六、名词Anhonestmanwouldnotsaythis.(=Ifthemanwerehonest,hewouldn'tsaythis.)一个诚实的人,就不会说这种话。Whobutafool(=Ifonewereafool,one)wouldbelievehiswords.除了傻瓜,谁会相信他的话!七、名词+and的结构Onestepfurtherandyouwouldbedead.(=Ifyoutookonestepfurther,youwouldbedead.)再往前走一步,你就会死。八、独立主格结构或由with引导的复合结构Allthingsconsidered(=Ifallthingswereconsidered),thepricewouldbereasonable.如果全面考虑起来,价格可能是合理的。九、定语从句Anationwhichstoppedworkingwouldbedeadinafortnight.(=Ifanationstoppedworking,itwouldbedeadinafortnight.)如果一个国家停止工作,不出半个月就会灭亡。

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