环控知识培训

2020/9/151IntroductionViggoPoulsenFocuson:主要内容：•Climatesystems气候控制系统•Thebasic’s基础知识•Theoptions设备•Therightchoice配置22Introduction主要内容Considerationsbeforechoosingclimatesystem选择气候控制系统的注意事项Dimensioningofclimatesystem气候控制系统的规划Basicofclimate气候控制基础知识Themostcommonventilationprincipalsandtheirdifferences常用气候控制原理及其区别Basicrequirements-AsClimatetechnician气候控制基本技术要求Inspectthecompartmentbeforeenter首先需要检查房间的情况2020/9/153Producingbiggerpigs,-faster.更快地生产体型更大的猪Animportantbasicfactorfor为舍内创造最佳的环境对于下列方面oahealthyeconomy健康的财务状况ohighestpossibleperformance实现最佳的生产性能outilizationofpotential充分利用动物潜力….istoestablishanoptimalenvironmentinthebarn是非常重要的基本因素Agoodclimatesystemplaysanessentialroleinreachingthesetargets良好的气候控制系统在实现上述目标的过程中起到不可或缺的作用2020/9/154Geographiclocationoftheproject项目的地理位置oClimatezone气候区域oAltitude,rain/snowfall,wind,humidity,min/maxtemperaturesetc.海拔、雨雪风等气候状况、湿度、最高/最低温度等2020/9/15重量Kg最佳温度℃仔猪＜232＜528断奶仔猪＜828＜102610-152215-3020保育猪30-6018育成猪60-12016哺乳母猪16怀孕母猪18各猪舍最佳温度2020/9/156Toohot舍内过热Pigsareusuallycleananimals.猪通常是喜欢干净的动物。Dirtypigssendwarningsignals猪变脏即为一种警告信号?Toohighroomtemperature室内温度是否过高?Sufficientventilationsystem通风是否充足?Pendesignandsize.围栏设计和尺寸是否适当Results结果=•Heatstress热应激•Badairquality空气质量差•Increasedmortality提高死亡率•Lessdailygain降低日增重•Increasedmanpower增加工作量2020/9/15ViggoPoulsen7Toocold舍内过冷•Openfloor漏缝地板?•Openpenning开放式围栏?•Heating是否加热?•Roomtemperature室内温度?•Ventilation,-type通风类型?•Airspeed风速?2020/9/158Thepigregulatesbodyheatinfourways猪以四种方式调节体温:radiation散热(losstothesurroundingceilingandwalls)（热量散失到周围的吊顶和墙壁conduction热传导(heatconductedfromthebodybywhateverittouches)（热量传导至其接触到的物体）convection热流传递(losstoairflowingoverthebody)（散失至通过身体的气流中）latentheatloss潜热散失(lossthroughevaporationofbodymoisture)（体表水分蒸发散失热量）Latent潜热Radiation散热Convection热流传递Conduction热传导2020/9/159Cooling降温…..Chilleffect风冷效应…..2020/9/1510ChillingisoneofthemostimportantcontributorstobabypigmortalityinfarrowingItmakesthepigletweakandsluggish,leavingitvulnerabletootherdangerssuchascrushingandstarvation.风冷是哺乳仔猪死亡率的最重要的影响因素之一，会使仔猪体况变差、反应迟钝，进而使其易于遭受挤压或饥饿等其他风险。2020/9/1511Addedheatingisneededwhenpigsarenotabletokeepcomforttemperaturebyownheatproduction.Additionalheatcanbesuppliedeitherbygasorwarmwaterforroomorbywarmwaterorelectricforzoneheating(Heatplate/lamps)当猪通过自身产热无法保持其所需的舒适温度时，需要对舍内进行加热。加热的方式有下列几种：全舍的水暖加热或燃气加热，以及局部电加热（加热板/保温灯）2020/9/1512Impactofhightemperatures高温的影响•Lowfeedintake降低采食量•Highwaterintake提高饮水量•Lowdailyweightgain降低日增重•Riskofheatstressandhighermortality增大热应激的风险并提高死亡率Impactoflowtemperatures低温的影响•Highfeedintake提高采食量•Lowdailyweightgain降低日增重•Highermedicalcost提高药物成本•Highermortality提高死亡率Conclusionofhighorlowtemperatures:Slowgrowthperformance-Highermortality-Slowerturnoverofpigs–highermedicalcost-morelaborrequired高温或低温状态下：降低增重性能–提高死亡率–降低猪群流转速度–提高药物成本–增加工作量2020/9/1513Mostcommontypesofmodernventilationsystems常用的现代化通风系统类型oNegativepressuresystemswithfreshairinlets负压通风系统oEqualpressuresystems等压通风系统oPositivepressuresystem正压通风系统oTunnelventilation纵向通风系统oCombi-tunnelventilation联合通风系统2020/9/1514Theairissuckedoutthroughtheexhaustunitandtakeninthroughwallorceilinginlets.利用排风装置将舍内空气排出舍外，同时通过侧墙或吊顶进风窗吸入新鲜空气。Strongpoints优点Built-inemergencyventilation(naturalventilation)内置紧急通风装置（自然通风）”Simplestructure”（结构简单）Lowoperatingcosts运行成本低Canbecombinedwithvariouscoolingsystems可采用多种降温系统Weakpoints缺点Sensitivetowind对风力风向较为敏感Negativepressuresystemwithfresh-airinletvalves采用进风小窗的负压通风系统2020/9/151515EqualPressureVentilation等压通风系统Theairissuckedoutthroughtheexhaustunitand“blown”inthroughachimneyequippedwithanairdistributionunit.利用排风装置将舍内空气排出舍外，并通过配有空气分布装置的烟囱将空气“吸入”舍内。Strongpoints优点Noteffectedbythewind不受风力风向影响Thedistributionofairisfine空气分布状况良好Weakpoints缺点Noemergencyventilation无紧急通风功能Expensiveinoperation(twicethenumberoffans)运行成本高（风扇数量x2）Difficulttoclean难以进行清洁2020/9/151616PositivePressureVentilation正压通风系统Theairispushedoutthroughchimneyorwallopeningsunitand“blown”inthroughachimneyequippedwithanairdistributionunit.通过配有空气分布装置的烟囱将新鲜空气“吸入”舍内，并通过烟囱将舍内空气排出舍外。Strongpoints优点Noteffectedbythewind不受风力风向影响Thedistributionofairisfine空气分布状况良好IdealforsystemswithPRRSfilters与蓝耳病过滤器结合使用可实现最佳效果Weakpoints缺点Noemergencyventilation无紧急通风功能Impactonbuildingstructure影响建筑结构2020/9/151717Tunnelventilation纵向通风2020/9/1518Combi-tunnelventilation联合通风Automaticclimatecontrol自动控制气候状况Sidemodeinwinter冬季采用横向模式Tunnelmodeinsummer夏季采用纵向模式Heating/cooling,humidification实现加热/降温和加湿等功能Optimalclimate365daysandnightsperyear全年适用的气候控制系统2020/9/15192020/9/1520Balancebetweencostandair-quality在成本和空气质量之间取得平衡Demandsofthein-doorclimate室内气候条件需求:NH³:max.20ppm,better10ppmCO2:max.3000ppm,better2500ppm%RH:max.80%(challenginginAsia)Powerconsumption(功耗):Watt/m3airexchanged2020/9/152121Basicrequirementsforoptimalfunction实现最佳功能的基本要求oInspectpigsbehaviorbeforeenter进猪前检查猪群行为Howtheyrest,aretheyoveractive,bodyconditions,usingtherestingareaofthepen?它们的躺卧姿势如何、是否精力过剩、体况如何、休息区布局如何？oTighthouseconstruction房舍建筑的空气密闭性oOrientationofinterior/penning内部设施/围栏的方向oAvoidobstructionsforfreeairmovement避免出现任何阻碍气流的障碍物2020/9/15Climateispartofaconcept–So气候控制是整体方案的一部分•Checkheat