美国公平信用报告法(FCRA)译本

美国公平信用报告法（FCRA）译本译者：billtown公平信用报告法是本人于2002年为研究信用立法而做的基础工作，现分三篇全文送上，欢迎批评指正。THEFAIRCREDITREPORTINGACTTABLEOFCONTENTS§601Shorttitle小标题§602Congressionalfindingsandstatementofpurpose国会决定和目的说明§603Definitions;rulesofconstruction定义：法律解释规则§604Permissiblepurposesofconsumerreports消费者报告可允许达到的目的§605Requirementsrelatingtoinformationcontainedinconsumerreports对消费者报告有关信息的要求§606Disclosureofinvestigativeconsumerreports经调查的消费者报告的披露§607Complianceprocedures须遵守的程序§608Disclosurestogovernmentalagencies向政府机构披露§609Disclosurestoconsumers向消费者披露§610Conditionsandformofdisclosuretoconsumers对消费者披露的条件和格式§611Procedureincaseofdisputedaccuracy准确性争议发生时的处理程序§612Chargesforcertaindisclosures对某些披露收取的费用§613Publicrecordinformationforemploymentpurposes为就业目的提供公共记录信息§614Restrictionsoninvestigativeconsumerreports对经调查的消费者报告的限制§615Requirementsonusersofconsumerreports对消费者报告使用者的要求§616Civilliabilityforwillfulnoncompliance故意违法的民事责任§617Civilliabilityfornegligentnoncompliance过失违法的民事责任§618Jurisdictionofcourts;limitationofactions法院管辖权：诉讼时效§619Obtaininginformationunderfalsepretenses受欺诈而获取的信息§620Unauthorizeddisclosuresbyofficersoremployees职员或雇员未经授权的披露§621Administrativeenforcement行政执行§622Informationonoverduechildsupportobligations未尽儿童抚养义务的有关信息§623Responsibilitiesoffurnishersofinformationtoconsumerreportingagencies向消费者报告机构提供信息的人的责任§624RelationtoStatelaws与州法律的关系§625DisclosurestoFBIforcounterintelligencepurposes为反间谍目的而向联邦调查局披露§626Disclosurestogovernmentalagenciesforcounterterrorismpurposes为反恐怖行为目的而向政府机构披露§601.Shorttitle小标题ThistitlemaybecitedastheFairCreditReportingAct.此小标题为“公平信用报告法”。§602.Congressionalfindingsandstatementofpurpose[15U.S.C.§1681]国会决定和目的陈述(a)Accuracyandfairnessofcreditreporting.TheCongressmakesthefollowingfindings:信用报告的准确性和公平性。国会作出如下决定：(1)Thebankingsystemisdependentuponfairandaccuratecreditreporting.Inaccuratecreditreportsdirectlyimpairtheefficiencyofthebankingsystem,andunfaircreditreportingmethodsunderminethepublicconfidencewhichisessentialtothecontinuedfunctioningofthebankingsystem.金融业系统建立在公平及准确的信用报告基础之上。不准确的信用报告会直接影响金融系统的效率。不公平的信用报告方法会削弱公众的信心，影响金融业持续发展的基础。(2)Anelaboratemechanismhasbeendevelopedforinvestigatingandevaluatingthecreditworthiness,creditstanding,creditcapacity,character,andgeneralreputationofconsumers.已有一套精心设计的机制用以调查及评估消费者的信用价值、信用状况、信用能力、信用品格和一般名誉。(3)Consumerreportingagencieshaveassumedavitalroleinassemblingandevaluatingconsumercreditandotherinformationonconsumers.消费者报告机构承担了收集、评估消费者信用及其他有关信息的重要职责。(4)Thereisaneedtoinsurethatconsumerreportingagenciesexercisetheirgraveresponsibilitieswithfairness,impartiality,andarespectfortheconsumer'srighttoprivacy.必须确保消费者报告机构在履行其职责时是公正无私的，并尊重消费者的隐私权。(b)Reasonableprocedures.Itisthepurposeofthistitletorequirethatconsumerreportingagenciesadoptreasonableproceduresformeetingtheneedsofcommerceforconsumercredit,personnel,insurance,andotherinformationinamannerwhichisfairandequitabletotheconsumer,withregardtotheconfidentiality,accuracy,relevancy,andproperutilizationofsuchinformationinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthistitle.合理的程序。设定这一标题的目的是要求消费者报告机构根据本标题的要求，适用合理的程序，用对消费者公平、公正的方法，秘密、准确、中肯而适当地使用这些信息，以满足商业对消费者信用、个人资料、保险及其他信息的需要。§603.Definitions;rulesofconstruction[15U.S.C.§1681a]定义；解释规则(a)Definitionsandrulesofconstructionsetforthinthissectionareapplicableforthepurposesofthistitle.本节提出的定义及解释规则适用于本部分标题的目的。(b)Thetermpersonmeansanyindividual,partnership,corporation,trust,estate,cooperative,association,governmentorgovernmentalsubdivisionoragency,orotherentity.“人”一词，指任何个人，合伙，公司，信托组织，不动产组织，合作社，团体协会，政府或政府所属部门，或其他实体。(c)Thetermconsumermeansanindividual.消费者一词指个人。(d)Consumerreport.消费者报告。(1)Ingeneral.Thetermconsumerreportmeansanywritten,oral,orothercommunicationofanyinformationbyaconsumerreportingagencybearingonaconsumer'screditworthiness,creditstanding,creditcapacity,character,generalreputation,personalcharacteristics,ormodeoflivingwhichisusedorexpectedtobeusedorcollectedinwholeorinpartforthepurposeofservingasafactorinestablishingtheconsumer'seligibilityfor一般规定。消费者报告是指由信用调查机构提供的有关消费者信用价值、信用状况、信用能力、信用品格、一般名誉、个人消费特点或生活方式的任何书面、口头及其他联系方式的信息。它被部分或全部地用于或准备用于确定一个消费者某种资格的因素。这种资格包括(A)creditorinsurancetobeusedprimarilyforpersonal,family,orhouseholdpurposes;主要为个人、家庭取得贷款或获得保险目的；(B)employmentpurposes;or就业目的；或(C)anyotherpurposeauthorizedundersection604[§1681b].其他由604节授权的任何目的(2)Exclusions.Thetermconsumerreportdoesnotinclude除外事项。消费者报告不包括(A)any任何(i)reportcontaininginformationsolelyastotransactionsorexperiencesbetweentheconsumerandthepersonmakingthereport;仅包含有关报告制作机构与消费者之间的交易或经历信息的报告；(ii)communicationofthatinformationamongpersonsrelatedbycommonownershiporaffiliatedbycorporatecontrol;or在有关的共有产权人之间或公司控制的下属机构之间传达的信息；或者(iii)communicationofotherinformationamongpersonsrelatedbycommonownershiporaffiliatedbycorporatecontrol,ifitisclearlyandconspicuouslydisclosedtotheconsumerthattheinformationmaybecommunicatedamongsuchpersonsandtheconsumerisgiventheopportunity,beforethetimethattheinformationisinitiallycommunicated,todirectthatsuchinformationnotbecommunicatedamongsuchpersons;如果明确无误地向消费者披露,在有关的共有产权人之间或公司控制的下属机构之间传达其他信息，消费者有机会在此信息首次