第一章细胞遗传学基础中英文术语索引细胞(cell)细胞膜(cellmembrane)质膜(plasmamembrane,plasmalemma)细胞质(cytoplasm)细胞器(organelle)基质(cytoplasmicmatrix)线粒体(mitochondria)内质网(endoplasimic,ER)粗面内质网(roughreticulum,rER)滑面内质网(smoothendoplasmicreticulum,sER)高尔基体(Golgibody)中心体(centrosome)核糖体(ribosome)附着核糖体(attachedribosomes)游离核糖体(freeribosomes)核膜(nuclearmembrane)核基质(nuclearmatrix)核液(nuclearsap)核仁(nucleolus)染色质(chromatin)常染色质(euchromatin)异染色质(heterochromatin)结构异染色质(constitutiveheterochromatin)兼性异染色质(facultativeheterochromatin)染色体(chromosome)着丝粒(centromere)主缢痕(primaryconstriction)中着丝粒染色体(metacentricchromosome)近中着丝粒染色体(submetacentricchromosome)近端着丝粒染色体(subtelocentricchromosome)端着丝粒(telocentricchromosome)次缢痕(secondaryconstriction)随体(satellite)端粒(telomere)核小体(nucleosome)螺线体(solenoid)细胞(cell)细胞膜(cellmembrane)质膜(plasmamembrane,plasmalemma)细胞质(cytoplasm)细胞器(organelle)基质(cytoplasmicmatrix)线粒体(mitochondria)内质网(endoplasimic,ER)粗面内质网(roughreticulum,rER)滑面内质网(smoothendoplasmicreticulum,sER)高尔基体(Golgibody)中心体(centrosome)核糖体(ribosome)附着核糖体(attachedribosomes)游离核糖体(freeribosomes)核膜(nuclearmembrane)核基质(nuclearmatrix)核液(nuclearsap)核仁(nucleolus)染色质(chromatin)常染色质(euchromatin)异染色质(heterochromatin)结构异染色质(constitutiveheterochromatin)兼性异染色质(facultativeheterochromatin)染色体(chromosome)着丝粒(centromere)主缢痕(primaryconstriction)中着丝粒染色体(metacentricchromosome)近中着丝粒染色体(submetacentricchromosome)近端着丝粒染色体(subtelocentricchromosome)端着丝粒(telocentricchromosome)次缢痕(secondaryconstriction)随体(satellite)端粒(telomere)核小体(nucleosome)螺线体(solenoid)超螺线体(supersolenoid)核型(karyotype)核型分析(karyotypeanalysis)核型模式图(idiogram)C分带(centromerebanding)Q分带(quinacrinebanding)G分带(Giemsabanding)R分带(reversebanding)N分带(Nbanding)高分辨显带(high-resolutionbanding)细胞周期(cellcycle)间期(interphase)有丝分裂(mitosis)减数分裂(meiosis)有丝分裂期(Mphase)细线期(leptonema)凝线期(synizesis)偶线期(zygonema)联会(synapsis)联会复合体(synaptonemalcomplex,SC)粗线期(pachynema)双价体(bivalent)双线期(diplonema)交叉端化(terminalizationofchiasmata)终变期(diakinesis)浓缩期(diakinesis)染色体重建(chromosomereconstruction)缺失(deletion)重复(duplication)倒位(inversion)易位(translocation)中间缺失(interstitialdeletion)假显性现象(pseudodominance)顺接重复(tandemduplication)反接重复(reverseduplication)不等交换(unequalcrossingover)剂量效应(dosageeffect)臂内倒位(paracentricinversion)臂间倒位(pericentricinversion)简单易位(simpletranslocation)相互易位(reciprocaltranslocation)移位易位(shifttranslocation)复合易位(complextranslocation)等臂染色体(isochromosome)单倍体(haploidy)多倍体(polyploid)异源多倍体(allopolyploid)同源多倍体(autopolyploid)双精受精(dispermy)合子(zygote)组成型多倍体(constitutionalpolyploid)缺倍体(nulliploid)非整倍性(aneuploidy)亚倍体(hypoploid)单体性(monosomy)缺对性(nullisomy)超二倍体(hyperploid)三体性(trisomy)双三体性(ditrisomy)四体性(tetrasomy),染色体不分离(nondisjunction)后期延迟(anaphaselag)后期延迟运动(delayedmovement,lagging)混倍性(mixoploidy)镶嵌型(mosaicism)嵌合型(chimerism)第二章分子遗传学基础中英文术语对照基因gene外显子exon内含子intron基因组genome密码子codon起始密码子initiator同义密码子synonym多义密码子ambiguouscodon核糖体ibosome表观基因组学epigenomics启动子promoter增强子enhancer沉默子silencer化学修饰chemicalmodification基因突变genemutation)碱基base回复突变reversion)暗修复darkrepair)切除修复excisionrepair)缺口修复gaprepair错配修复mismatchrepair重组recombination同源重组homologousrecombination转座transposition)限制性核酸内切酶restrictionendonuclease载体vector第三章免疫遗传学基础中英文术语对照免疫力immunity免疫防immunologicdefence自我稳定homeostasis自身免疫病autoimmunedisease免疫监视immunosurveillance先天性免疫innateimmunity获得性免疫adaptiveimmunity非特异性免疫non-specialimmunity特异性免疫specialimmunity免疫应答immuneresponse细胞免疫应答cellularimmunerespons体液免疫应答humoralimmuneresponse免疫系统immunesystem免疫球蛋白mmunoglobulin(Ig)抗体antibody(Ab_重链heavychain(H)轻链lightchain(L链)恒定区constantregion(C区)可变区variableregion高变区或超变区hypervariableregion(HVR)互补决complementaity-determiningregion(CDR)框架结构或支架结构frameworkregion(FR)结构域domain绞链区hingeregion抗原结合片段antigenbindingfragment(Fab)结晶片段fragmentcrystallizable(Fc)型群phenogroup调理作用opsonization攻膜复合体membraneattackcomplex(MAC)抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作antibodydependentcell-mediatedcytotoxicity(ADCC)基因簇genecluster先导序列基因1eadersequence(L)V区基因variableregion(VH)多样性基因diversity(D)连接基因joining(JH)C区基因constantregion(CH)假基因pseudogene可读框openreadingframe(ORF)转换区switchregion(S)七聚体heptamer九聚体nanomer重组信号序列recombinationsignalsequence(RSS)类别转换classswitch同种型转换isotypeswitch环状切除circularexcision抗体亲和力成熟现象affinitymaturation主要组织相容性基因复合体majorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC)2-微球蛋白β2-microglobulin(β2m)第四章质量性状的遗传中英文术语对照质量性状qualititativecharacter遗传descendiblityheredityinherit染色体chromosome性染色体sexchromosome常染色体euchromosome伴性遗传sex-linkedinheritance限性遗传sex—limitedinheritance从性遗传sex—influencedinheritance血型bloodgroup显性上位作用dominantepistasis隐性上位作用recessiveepistasis重叠作用duplicateeffect基因座位genelocus等位基因allele复等位基因multiplealleles上位基因epistaticgene性连锁基因sex-linkedgene显性性状dominantcharacters隐性性状recessivecharacters育种breeding杂交育种crossbreeding伴性基因sex-linkedgenes隐性纯合子allozygote杂合子heterozygote显性基因dominantgene隐性基因recessivegene就巢性broodiness自别雌雄auto-sexing骡鸭muleduck测交testcross隐性致死recessivelethal半致死基因semi-lethalgene标记基因markergene父本maleparent母本femaleparent繁殖力fecundity遗传效应gencticeffect杂交优势heteroticvigor经济性状practicalcharacters碱基对basepair遗传缺陷geneticdefects下位基因hypostaticgene基因文库genelibrary完全显性completedominance不完全显性incompletedominance共显性codominance连锁遗传linkageinherit