肯尼迪演讲修辞方法分析

INAUGURALADDRESSJohnF.Kennedyrhetoricaldevices1.Alliteration（头韵)2.Metaphor(暗喻）3.Parallelism（排比)4.Paradox（反论)5.Repetition（重复)6.Quotation（引用）Alliteration（头韵)Alliteration:Examples：Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe,inordertoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty(para4）Metaphor(暗喻)Metaphor:（impliedcomparisonthroughafigurative,notliteral,useofwords）Examples:1.Torememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.(para7)2.Tothosepeoplesinthehutsandvillagesacrosstheglobestrugglingtobreakthebondsofmassmisery(para8)3.Tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferaspecialpledge-toconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeeds-inanewallianceforprogress-toassistfreemenandfreegovernmentincastingoffthechainsofpoverty.（para9)4.Beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityinplannedoraccidentalself-destructio.（para11）排比（Parallelism）Parallelism:(thearrangementofwords,phrases,clauses,orlargerstructuresplacedsidebyside,makingthemsimilarinform)Examples:1.Borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace,proudofourancientheritage–andunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanrights.towhichthisNationhasalwaysbeencommitted,andtowhichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworld.2.LetallourneighborsknowthatweshalljoinwiththemtoopposeaggressionorsubversionanywhereintheAmericas.AndleteveryotherpowerknowthatthisHemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.3.Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavorwilllightourcountryandallwhoseverit—andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.Paradox（反论）Paradox:(astatementthatseemsself-contradictory,yetturnsouttohavearationalmeaning)Examples:Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达。1.Symbolizinganend,aswellasabeginning;signifyingrenewal,aswellaschange.2.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.3.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.Repetition（重复）Repetition（awordorphraseusedtwoormoretimesincloseproximity）Examples:1.allformsofhumanpovertyandallformsofhumanlife……notfromthegenerosityofthestate,butfromthehandofGod2.thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe…..3.wepledgeourwordthatoneformofcolonialcontrolshallnothavepassedawaymerelytobereplacebyafarmoreirontyranny.weshallnotalwaysexpecttofindthemsupportingourview.Butweshallalwayshopetofindthemstronglysupportingtheirownfreedom….4.Wedarenottemptthemwithweakness.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.Quotation（引用）1.ForIhaveswornbeforeyouandAlmightyGodthesamesolemnoathourforebearsprescribednearlyacenturyandthreequartersago.2.LetbothsidesunitetoheedinallcornersoftheearththecommandofIsaiah–to“undotheheavyburdens…andtolettheoppressedgofree.”3.Nowthetrumpetsummonsusagain—notasacalltobeararms,thougharmsweneed,notasacalltobattle,thoughembattledweare–butacalltobeartheburdenofalongtwilightstruggle,yearinandyearout,“rejoicinginhope,patientintribulation”—astruggleagainstthecommonenemiesofman.Donotprayforeasylives.Praytobestrongermen!