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摘要指南针是一种重要的导航工具，可应用在多种场合中。电子指南针内部结构固定，没有移动部分，可以简单地和其它电子系统接口，因此可代替旧的磁指南针。并以精度高、稳定性好等特点得到了广泛运用。本文介绍了目前用于定位系统中的电子指南针的工作原理，详细论述了磁场传感器芯片KMZ52的工作原理，给出了用KMZ52磁场传感器设计电子指南针的总体设计方案和电路，同时给出了设计中的一些特殊处理方法。Philips公司生产的半导体器件KMZ52是一种专门用于电子指南针的二维磁场传感器。它采用磁场传感器的磁阻（MR）技术，并用翻转技术消除信号偏移，而用电磁反馈技术来消除温度的敏感漂移。由于外界存在干扰，该系统集成了几种特殊的抗干扰技术来提高系统精度。关键词：电子指南针；磁场传感器；KMZ52Acompassisanimportanttoolfornavigationapplicationonmanyoccasions.Electroniccompassinternalstructure,withnomovingparts,cansimplyandotherelectronicsysteminterface,soyoucanreplacetheoldmagneticcompass.Andwithhighaccuracy,goodstabilityetcwidelyused.Thepaperintroducesthepositioningsystemforelectroniccompassworkprinciple,themagneticfieldsensorsarediscussedindetailKMZ52chipsworkingprinciple,andgivesKMZ52magneticfieldsensorsinthedesignofelectroniccompassoveralldesignschemeandcircuitdesign,andpresentssomespecialtreatment.PhilipscompanyproductionofsemiconductordevicesKMZ52isakindofspecialusedinelectroniccompass2dmagneticfieldsensors.Itadoptsmagneticsensormagnetoresistance(MR)technology,andreversetechnique,andeliminationofelectromagneticsignalmigrationtechnologytoeliminatethefeedbackissensitivetotemperaturedrift.Duetoexternaldisturbance,theexistingsystemintegrationofseveralspecialanti-interferencetechniquestoimprovethesystemprecision.Keywords:electroniccompass,Themagneticfieldsensors,KMZ52目录摘要..................................................................................................................................................1目录..................................................................................................................................................2一方案的论证与比较...................................................................................................................3方案一：利用一维磁阻微电路芯片HMC1052感应磁场.......................................................3方案二：使用霍尼韦尔HMC1022各向异性磁阻传感电路..................................................4方案三：采用Philips公司生产的KMZ52感应磁场...........................................................5二相关物理量介绍.......................................................................................................................61.磁场........................................................................................................................................62.磁感应强度............................................................................................................................63.磁通量....................................................................................................................................64.磁场方向................................................................................................................................75.磁感线....................................................................................................................................76.地磁场....................................................................................................................................8三电子指南针系统设计.............................................................................................................101.系统工作原理与总体方案..................................................................................................102.硬件设计..............................................................................................................................12（1）KMZ52型号处理系统.........................................................................................12（2）单片机控制系统...................................................................................................123.数值处理..............................................................................................................................144.干扰校正..............................................................................................................................15（1）偏差补偿及校正...................................................................................................15（2）干涉磁场校正.......................................................................................................155.软件设计..............................................................................................................................17（1）数据格式和命令字...............................................................................................17（2）编程实例...............................................................................................................18四结束语.....................................................................................................................................22五参考文献.................................................................................................................................23一传感器方案的论证与比较方案一：利用一维磁阻微电路芯片HMC1052感应磁场HMCI052是一个双轴线性磁传感器，象其它HMC10XX系列传感器，每个传感器都有一个由磁阻薄膜合金组成的惠斯通桥。当桥路加上供电电压，传感器将磁场强度转化为电压输出，包括环境磁场和测量磁场。HMC1052包含两个敏感元件,它们的敏感轴互相垂直。敏感元件A和B,共存于单硅芯片中，完全正交，且参数匹配。HMC1052的尺寸小，低工作电压，而且消除了两个敏感元件引起的非正交误差。除了惠斯通电桥，HMCI052有两个位于芯片上的磁耦合带；偏置带和置位/复位带。敏感元件A和B,都有这两个带。置位/复位带，用于确保精度。偏置带，用于校正传感器，或偏置任何不想要的磁场。在标准的10针外形(M