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SuggestedFMEASeverityEvaluationCriteriaFMEA严重性评估参考标准Effect后果Criteria:SeverityofEffect标准：后果严重性Thisrankingresultswhenapotentialfailuremoderesultsinafinalcustomerand/oramanufacturing/assemblyplantdefect.Thefinalcustomershouldalwaysbeconsideredfirst.Ifbothoccur,usethehigherofthetwoseverities.此评分因潜在缺陷模式导致最终客户和/或一种制作/安装缺陷而产生。通常会首先考虑最终客户。如果两者均有，采用其中较严重者。(CustomerEffect)（客户的后果）Criteria:SeverityofEffect标准：后果严重性Thisrankingresultswhenapotentialfailuremoderesultsinafinalcustomerand/oramanufacturing/assemblyplantdefect.Thefinalcustomershouldalwaysbeconsideredfirst.Ifbothoccur,usethehigherofthetwoseverities.此评分因潜在缺陷模式导致最终客户和/或一种制作/安装缺陷而产生。通常会首先考虑最终客户。如果两者均有，采用其中较严重者。(Manufacturing/AssemblyEffect)（制作/装配后果）Ranking评分Hazardouswithoutwarning无预兆性危险Failuremodeaffectssafevehicleoperation,causesomefunctionalandreliableproblemsofoperation/orinvolvesnoncompliancewithgovernmentregulationwithoutwarning缺陷模式在无警告的情况下影响产品的安全操作、给用户造成操作不便及可靠性问题/不符合政府条文，严重性非常高Mayendangeroperator(machineorassembly)withoutwarning无警告的情况下危害操作者（机器或装配）10Hazardouswithwarning有预兆性危险Failuremodeaffectssafevehicleoperationandcausesomefunctionalproblemattheenduser/orinvolvesnoncompliancewithgovernmentregulationwithwarning缺陷模式在有警告的情况下影响产品的安全操作、在最终用户处引起功能上的问题/不符合政府条文Mayendangeroperator(machineorassembly)withwarning有警告的情况下危害操作者（机器或装配）9Veryhigh非常严重Vehicle/iteminoperable(lossofprimaryfunction)产品不可用（失去基本功能）100%ofproducthavetobescrapped,orrepairtimeexceedsonehour100%的产品可能需要报废或修理时间超过一小时8High严重Vehicle/itemoperablebutatareducedlevelofperformance.Customerverydissatisfied产品性能下降、客户非常不满Producthavetobesortedandaportion(lessthan100%)scrapped,orrepairedtimebetweenoneandhalfanhour产品须分检且部分（非全部）需报废、修理时间在半小时至一小时间7Moderate中等Vehicle/itemoperablebutcomfort/convenienceitemsinoperable.Customerdissatisfied产品可使用但使用不便，客户不满Aportion(lessthan100%)oftheproducthavetoscrappedwithnosorting,repairtimelessthanonehour部分产品需报废，不需分检，修理时间小于一小时6Low低Vehicle/itemoperablebutcomfort/convenienceitemsoperableatareducedlevelofperformance产品可使用且使用不便、表现不良100%ofproductmayhavetobereworked,产品可能需全部返工5Verylow很低Itemnormalperformancethroughbeingrepaired.Defectnoticedbymostcustomers(greaterthan75%)产品经过修理表现正常/大部分客户发现缺陷（超过75%）Productmayhavetobesorted,withnoscrapandaportion(lessthan100%)reworked产品经过分检，无报废、部分须返工（不到100%）4Minor轻微Itemoperableanddoesnotconform.Defectnoticedby50%ofcustomers.产品表现正常但使用不便/50%客户发现缺陷Aportion(lessthan100%)oftheproductmayhavetobereworked,withnoscrap,on-linebutout-of-station部分产品（不到100%）需要返工，无报废在生产线上其它工序返工3Veryminor细微Normalperformance.Defectnoticedbydiscriminatingcustomers(lessthan25%)产品表现正常且可使用，有辩别力的客户（不到25%）发现缺陷Aportion(lessthan100%)oftheproductmayhavetobereworked,withnoscrap,on-linebutout-of-station部分产品（不到100%）需要返工，无报废在生产线上原工序返工2None无Nodiscernibleeffect无辩别的影响Slightinconveniencetooperation,noeffect轻微操作不便，无影响1FMEAOccurrenceEvaluationCriteriaFMEA机率性评估参考标准Level级别Probability可能性LikelyFailureRates可能出现的缺陷机率(DPPM)以一百万块板里的缺陷数计（DPPM）PpkRanking评分Veryhigh非常高Persistentfailures缺陷持续不断≥100perthousandpieces50000~100000＜0.551050perthousandpieces20000~50000≥0.559High高Frequentfailures缺陷频繁出现20perthousandpieces10000~20000≥0.78810perthousandpieces5000~10000≥0.867Moderate中等Occasionalfailures缺陷偶尔出现5perthousandpieces2000~5000≥0.9462perthousandpieces1000~2000≥1.0051perthousandpieces500~1000≥1.104Low低Relativelyfewfailures缺陷相对较少0.5perthousandpieces100~500≥1.2030.1perthousandpieces10~100≥1.302Remote几乎不会Failureisunlikely缺陷基本不可能出现≤0.01perthousandpieces1~10≥1.671缺陷机率简算：1、假设抽检板数量共58000块，发现缺陷板数量116块；2、计算缺陷板数量在总抽检板数量里所占比例：=116÷58000=0.002，即0.2%；3、缺陷机率即缺陷的百万分率（DPPM）=0.2%×100,0000=200；4、核对机率性评估参考标准：缺陷机率200介于100~500之间，故机率性评分为3分；SuggestedFMEADetectionEvaluationCriteriaFMEA检测性评估参考标准Detection检测性Criteria标准Inspectiontypes检测种类Suggestedrangeofdetectionmethods检测方法的建议范围Ranking评分Error-proofed防错Gauging量具ManualInspection人工（手动）检测Almostimpossible几乎不可能Absolutecertaintyofnon-detection绝对不能检测×Cannotdetectorisnotchecked不能检测或没有检测10Veryremote很微小Controlswillprobablynotdetect控制方法可能检测不出×Controlisachievedwithindirectorrandomchecksonly只能通过间接或随机检查来控制9Remote微小Controlshavepoorchanceofdetection控制检测机会少×Controlisachievedwithvisualinspectiononly只能通过目视检测来控制8Verylow很小Controlshavepoorchanceofdetection检测缺陷及防止漏波机会少×Controlisachievedwithdoublevisualinspectiononly只能通过双重目视检测来控制7Low小Controlsmaydetect控制可能检测出××Controlisachievedwithchartingmethods,suchasSPC用控制图方法控制（如SPC）6Moderate普通Controlsmaydetect控制可能检测出×Controlisbasedonvariablegaugingafterpartshaveleftthestation,orGO/NOgogaugingperformedon100%ofthepartsafterpartshaveleftthestation在产品进入下工序后进行抽样测量来控制缺陷或在产品进入下工序后对产品百分百测量/不测量来控制缺陷5Moderatelyhigh较高Controlshaveagoodchancetodetect控制有较多检测机会××Errordetectioninsubsequentoperations,orgaugingperformedonsetupandfirst-piececheck(forsetupcausesonly)在下工序的误差检测，或在准备生产时进行测量及首板检查（仅由设置引起）4High高Controlshaveagoodchancetodetect控制有很多检测机会××Errordetectionin-station,orerrordetectioninsubsequentoperationsbymultiplelayersofacceptance:supply,select,install,verify.Cannotacceptdiscrepantpart在本工序的误差检测，或利用多层验收后在下工序进行误差检测，供应，选择，安装，确认，不接受不合格产品3Veryhigh很高Controlsalmostcertaintodetect控制几乎肯定能检测出××Errordetectionin-station(automaticgau