Module-1-Culture--Communication-&-Intercultural-Co

跨文化交际Lecturer:XiaominLei(Linda)雷晓敏QQ:2780170767Cellphone:611779/18820131779Module1Culture,Communication&InterculturalCommunicationLearningObjectivesInthischapter,youshouldbeabletodefineculture,communicationandinterculturalcommunicationdescribethecharacteristicsofculture,elementsandtypesofCommunicationunderstandtheimportanceofinterculturalcommunicationandinterculturalbusinesscommunicationWhatarethemajordifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculture?Usesomeexamplestoexplaininterculturalcommunication.Warm-upI.Culture文化DefinitionsofCulture文化的定义accordingtotheConciseOxfordDictionary,cultureis“theartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively”.fromanthropologicperspective,cultureis“thecustoms,civilizations,andachievementsofaparticulartimeorpeople.”cultureisreallydifficulttodefinebecauseitisalargeandinclusiveconcept.Buttheonlyrequirementforbeingculturedistobehuman.Cultureiswhatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromanimals.I.Culture文化MetaphorsinCulture文化中的隐喻TheCultureIceberg文化冰山TheCultureOnion文化洋葱I.Culture文化CharacteristicsofCulture文化的特点CultureissharedCultureislearnedCultureisbasedonsymbolsCultureisdynamicKeyTermsGuatemalanweaving危地马拉的编织危地马拉是古代玛雅文化中心之一。1523年沦为西班牙的殖民地，1821年摆脱殖民统治，宣布独立。1823年加入中美洲联邦，1839年成立共和国。危地马拉人主要从事农业，种植玉米、咖啡、香蕉、豆类、辣椒、西红柿、棉花等。在太平洋沿岸的种植园里资本主义农业有了发展。棉纺、丝纺、编织、制陶、皮革等手工业较发达。农民的住房一般系用adobe土坯或树枝搭盖的shanty窝棚。食物以玉米面饼为主。白人和印欧混血种人穿欧式服装，印第安人穿传统服装。条纹花布长裙和带鲜艳刺绣的短上衣fancyembroidedjacketinboldcolors是印第安妇女的主要服装。印第安人的文化具有古代玛雅ancientMayan文化的一系列特征。Glossaryanthropologistn.人类学家interpretv.解释，翻译derivev.得自，起源，引申于interventionn.插入，介入，调停manifestationn.显示，证明intellectualadj.智力的，聪明的linguistn.语言学家assemblagen.集合，装配aestheticadj.美学的，审美的identifiableadj.可辨认的Glossaryinclusiveadj.包含...在内的metaphorn.隐喻，暗喻cruisen.巡航territoryn.领土，版图，领域，范围submergevi.浸没explicitadj.明确的，详述的，明晰的tangibleadj.有形的，可触摸的conformityn.一致，符合，遵守assumptionn.假定，设想embodyvt.代表，使具体化，包含Glossaryritualadj.仪式的，老规矩的nebulousadj.星云的，星云状的wherebyconj.凭借enculturationn.对某种文化的适应familialadj.家族的，家庭的pervasiveadj.普遍的，蔓延的，渗透的integratev.整合，使...成整体infrastructuren.下部构造，下部组织superstructuren.政上层建筑建上层结构alterationn.改变，变更1.Useexamplestoexplainthemetaphor“CultureIceberg”and“CultureOnion”.2.Itissaidthatgrammaticalmistakescanbeaccepted,butculturalmistakeswillcausetrouble.Canyouuseexamplestoexplainwhyculturalmistakescouldbetroublesome?ComprehensionQuestionsWhyareculturalmistakescouldbetroublesome？Grammaticalmistakesareacceptablebecausetheybelongtothesuperficialpartofculture（language）whereasculturalmistakestotheinnerside.Theformermistakeswon'taffectthevalues，cusoms，traditions，butthelatteronesmaybedetrimentaltothenationaltoleranceinpsychology.Forexample，ifanEgnlishteacherrelaxedhimselfbyrestinghistwofeetonthedesk，facingoutwardtohisstudents，thenhisviolationwouldmostprobablyarousethegreatestangerfromstudents，esp.inmuslimworld.ABritishteacherwasfiredinEgyptforthisveryreason.Butsuchabehaviorisokinthewesternworld.ex2Frenchpeopletendtohavetheirdaily“cheek-kiss”forindicatingtheiramiabilityregardlessofage，sex，status，spouseornot.ButsuchadailyroutineisunreasonableforChinesewhoonlykissbetweenlovers，parents-babies.Typicalcaseisreflectedinaddressingstyletoourelders，superiors..II.Communication交际DefinitionsofCommunication交际的定义Generallyspeaking,communicationcanbedefinedasadynamic,symbolic,transactionalandcontextualprocessinwhichpeoplecreatesharedmeaningsormessages.II.Communication交际TypesofCommunication交际的类型VerbalCommunication语言交流II.Communication交际TypesofCommunication交际的类型Non-VerbalCommunication非语言交流II.Communication交际TypesofCommunication交际的类型WrittenCommunication书面交流II.Communication交际TypesofCommunication交际的类型Visualcommunication视觉交流II.Communication交际CommunicationandCulture交际与文化culturesarecreatedthroughcommunicationcultureiscreated,shaped,transmitted,andlearnedthroughcommunicationcommunicationpracticesarelargelycreated,shaped,andtransmittedbycultureKeyTermsSMS短消息服务ShortMessagingService短消息服务，这个术语最早出现在80年代初期，但一直到了90年代早期才开始进入商用市场，并且一直到99年，该业务才在世界各国迅速蔓延，并持续爆炸性的增长趋势，它可以通过手机等移动设备发送文本型消息。Glossaryequivalentn.相等物transactionaladj.相互作用的contextualadj.上下文的，前后关系的ongoingadj.前进的，进行的encodern.编码器decodern.解码器inseparableadj.不能分的Glossaryclubvt.用棍棒打，集合aestheticadj.美学的，审美的，有美感的intimacyn.亲密，隐私intendvt.想要，计划ambiguityn.含糊不清，模棱两可reciprocaladj.相互的，互惠的，互补的ComprehensionQuestions1.Whatisthemajorchallengefacingeffectivecommunicationininterpersonalencounter?2.Doyouthinkthatunderstandingisameasureofcommunicativesuccess?Ifyouarenotagoodlistenertotheinterlocutor,thentheremightarisecertaincontradictions,oratleastcertainproblem(s).Forexample,withoutknowingclearlywhathistenoris,thenhowcouldyoucontinueyourtalk?Orworse,yourmisunderstandingleadtosomeunforgivableerrors.Suchamishappeningwouldoccurtouswithoutseriousandresponsibleattitudetowardsothers.Ofcourse,yourlinguisticaptitudeisalsoafactorthataffectsaneffectivecommunication.1.Whatisthemajorchallengefacingeffectivecommunicationininterpersonalencounter?Doyouthinkthatunderstandingisameasureofcommunicativesuccess?Naturallyunderstandingisthebasisforpersonalcommunication