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BritishandAmericanTraditionsandCustoms•TheBritishTraditionsandCustoms1.“LadiesFirst”•Womenaretheequalsofmeninhavingthevote,takingpaidemploymentandreceivinghighereducation,feelthattheyneedprotect.•Behaviors•Whenmenandwomentogetherintotheroom,themenhavetohelpwomenopenthedoor.•Atthebeginningofbanquet,themenpulledachairfortheladiestohelpwomenseated.•Atthebanquet,ifaguestisawoman,whensheenteredthelivingroom,mostofthemeninthehallhavetostanduptoshowrespect.•Walkingdownthestreetorcrosstheroad,themanshouldbeinthewoman'sleft,bythesideofthecar.•Ifamanwithtwowomenwalkingtogether,heshouldgoinbothofthem.2.Three“Don’tsBehaviorsFeelingsJumpingofthequeueill-bred(=impolite),disgracefulAskawomanherageImpoliteBargainLosingface3.Three“INGS”•Betting——HorseracingandBingo(宾果游戏)CostsExceeds£2000million,£900milliononhorses,£250millionondogs,£300milliononBingo,£100milliononfootballpools(Coralfootball,soccerlottery),andmostoftherestincasinos(赌场）.Drinking•Beer,Wine,WhiskyGovernmentlimittheoperatinghoursofallalcohollounges(旅店休息室),pubs,inns(小客栈)andoff-licences.Thetimeisusuallyfrom11:30a.m.to3p.m.andagainfrom5p.m.to10:30p.m..•Tea-drinking•Everydaytheyhavetwo15or20minuteteabreaks.Oneinthemorning,theotherintheafternoon.•TheBritisharethebiggestteaconsumers,anduseupaquarteroftheworldtotalofteaproduction.•Ingeneral,intheafternoon,thespecialteaareQimenBlackTea,Darjeelingtea,Ceylontea(祁门红茶、印度大吉岭红茶、锡兰红茶),orTeawithMilk.Tipping•Thetipdependsonthetypeandextentoftheserviceyouhavereceived.•Totipwaiters,taxidriversorhotelstaff,outsideofthemealandthefaretopay10or15percentofthebill.Afterhotelattendantsorrailwayporterserviceyou,youhavetopayasmalltip.4.ThreeRoyalTraditions•Playingtheflute/bagpipeAfterthebreakfast,theQueenlistenstotheflutebyroyalflutist.Since1843QueenVictoriasettherule,ithadnotchanged.•ThechangingoftheQueen’sguard皇家队卫换岗仪式•Where:TheceremoniestakeplaceisinfrontofBuckinghamPalaceandtheotherisatWhitehall.•Time:at11a.m.weekdaysandat10onSunday.Redcoats,blacktrousers,whitebelt,whitegloves,glitteringswordatthewaist,tallblackfurhatTheQueenmakeaparliamentaryspeechBuckinghamPalaceWestminsterThegentlemanUsheroftheBlackRod黑杖侍卫先生TheHouseofLords上议院/TheHouseofCommons下议院JohnBull约翰牛(指英国或英国人)•InspeakingofJohnBull,animageimmediatelyappearsinourmind.Heisshortandfat,withatallhatonhisheadandpairofbootsonhisfeet.•ItisthenicknameforBritain.–Intheeighteenthcentury,aScottishwriternamedJohnArbuthnot(约翰·阿布什诺特)whowrotefivepoliticalsatirepamphlets,collectedthemin1712inabookcalledTheHistoryofJohnBull《约翰·布尔的历史》,inwhichhebitterlyandvividlydepictedthefrankness,uneasinessandfunninessofagentlemancalledJohnBull.•英国的绰号。原是18世纪英国作家约翰·阿布什诺特在《约翰·布尔的历史》中所创造的形象——一个矮胖愚笨的绅士，用来讽刺当时辉格党的战争政策。由于“布尔”在英文中是牛的意思，故译为“约翰牛”。随着《约翰·布尔的历史》一书的行销，人们便用“约翰牛”来称呼英国人，后来，约翰牛渐渐变为专指英国，成为英国的代名词。在漫画家的笔下，约翰牛是一个头戴高帽、足蹬长靴、矮胖而愚笨的绅士形象。•AmericanTraditionsandCustoms•Do-it-yourself（自己动手）•TheSelf-madeMan（自力更生）AmericanTraditionsandCustomsAbrahamLincolnMotherdiedearlyVerypoorfamilyStudybyhimselfmuchmanuallaborGoodatpolitical,Philosophyandeloquentspeaker.ThepresidentofAmericaLoveofPrivacyTherighttoprivacyandpersonalfreedomisunquestionedbytheBritishandAmericans.English:Buildingafencearoundthehousetoseparatehimselffromneighbours——nestingcastleAmerica:Don’tliketohaveasharedbathhallorroomPolitenessBaseontheruleofshowingconsiderationofothers:1.Prefertowaitforsuchservicetobeoffered,ratherthenaskforit2.Excuseme--troublesomebody;Sorry—unconsciousdisturbancePardon--repeatwhathehassaid;“please”“thankyou”quitecommon3.Tablemanners:TenminuteslateSitupstraightDon’tstaytoolate4.Don’tcryandshortinpublicTheappearanceofUncleSam•UncleSam,afiguresymbolizingtheUnitedStates,isportrayedasatall,white-hairedmanwithagoatee.Heisoftendressedinred,white,andblue,andwearsatophat.•山姆叔叔是象征着美国人物,被描绘成一个高大的、白头发与一个山羊胡子的男子。他经常穿着红色、白色和蓝色衣服,戴着一顶大礼帽。UncleSam山姆大叔•“山姆大叔”这一绰号产生于1812年美英战争时期。纽约州的洛伊城有一位肉类包装商，名叫塞缪尔·威尔逊。他诚实能干，富于创业精神，在当地很有威信，人们亲切地叫他“山姆大叔”。战争期间，他担任纽约州和新泽西州的军需检验员，负责在供应军队的牛肉桶和酒桶上打戳。1812年1月，纽约州长带领一些人前往其加工厂参观，看到牛肉桶上都盖有E．A．—U．S．的标记，便问是何意思。工人回答，E．A．是一个军火承包商的名字，U．S．是美国的缩写。•凑巧的是，“山姆大叔”的缩写也U.S.，所以一个工人开玩笑地说，U.S．就是“山姆大叔”（UncleSam）。这件趣事传开后，“山姆大叔”名声大振。人们把那些军需食品都称为“山姆大叔”送来的食物。美国人还把“山姆大叔”诚实可靠、吃苦耐劳以及爱国主义的精神视为自己民族的骄傲和共有的品质。从此这个绰号便不胫而走。第一次世界大战中曾出现过“山姆大叔”号召美国青年当兵的宣传画，流传很广。1961年，美国国会正式承认“山姆大叔”为美国的民族象征。