新目标九年级-Unit-2-I-think-that-mooncakes-are-delicious

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*初中英语精品资源*~初中英语精品资源~Unit2Ithinkthatmooncakesaredelicious什么是宾语?宾语是谓语动词的一种连带成分,一般放在及物动词之后,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。除及物动词有宾语之外,英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外,某些形容词如worth等后也可有宾语。例如“我找厂长”的“厂长”,“他开拖拉机”的“拖拉机”,“他说他不知道”的“他不知道”。宾语可以由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称为宾语从句。一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语。Sheisplayingthepianonow.她正在弹钢琴。(名词作宾语)Wealllikehim.(代词作宾语)Givemefour.(数词作宾语)Weallliketogotoschool.(不定式togotoschool作like的宾语。school作to的宾语)Wealllikeswimming.(动名词作宾语)Ithinkthatheisright.(宾语从句作宾语)HeaskedmewhatIwasthinkingaboutatthattime.(宾语从句作宾语)Thebookisworthreading.(动名词做宾语)一、什么是双宾语和复合宾语?有时候一个动词可以带两个宾语,如“教我们化学”的“我们”和“化学”。这两个词都是宾语,统称为双宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。Myparentsboughtmeacomputer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语,computer是直接宾语)=Myparentsboughtacomputerforme.HegavemeabooklastSunday.=HegaveabooktomelastSunday.某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分用来补充说明第一部分的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。宾语补足语有以下几类。1.由动词不定式充当。多数是带to的不定式,也有不带to的不定式。①.要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell,ask,invite,get,allow,wish,want,like,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,permit,order,warn等。如:Theyencouragedmetotryagain.他们鼓励我再次尝试。②.某些动词如make,have,let,see,hear,watch,notice,feel等后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。如:Hemadeusstayfordinner.他使我们留下来吃饭。LetmeintroduceyoutoMissLi.让我介绍你和李小姐认识。2.由-ing形式或过去分词充当。*初中英语精品资源*~初中英语精品资源~①.当宾语补足语的动作时由作宾语的名词或代词正在发出时,宾语补足语用-ing形式。如.Hecanhearhisheartbeatingfast.他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。Isawhimrunningoutoftheroomjustnow.②.当宾语和宾语补足语是被动的关系时,宾语补足语用过去分词形式。如.:You'dbetterhavethedeskcleaned.你最好请人把课桌擦一下。3.由名词充当。某些动词call,name,make,think,find,consider,后接名词或代词作其语,再接名词作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的身份。如:IcalledthiscatMimi.我把这只猫叫做咪咪。4.由形容词充当。某些动词如make,keep,find,like,等后接名词或代词作宾语,再接形容词作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean.你应保持教室清洁。Weshouldkeepoureyesclosedwhenwedoeyeexercises.做眼保健操时,我们应该闭着眼睛。Thebadnewsmademeveryupset.这个坏消息让我非常沮丧。5.由副词或者介词短语充当宾语补足语。Ilikesleepingwiththelighton.我喜欢开着灯睡觉。Youletmedown.你让我失望。Iknowthisteacherwithabookinherhand.我认识手里拿着书的老师。②.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。不可以省略.*初中英语精品资源*~初中英语精品资源~例如:Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.下面五种情况只能用whether,不可以用if.1.和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether.如:Idon’tknowwhethertoleavehere.2.和ornot连用时,只能用whether,ornot可以放在句末。如:Shewantedtoknowwhethershewentthereornot.3.用在介词后面时,只能用whether.如:Iamworriedaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.4.放在句首时,只能用whether,不能用if。如:Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。5.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句.例句:Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingthenextweek.③.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分,不可以省略。如:Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfornow?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheirclass.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Ididn'tknowwhythetrainwaslateagain.2.宾语从句的语序无论哪种形式的宾语从句,从句都必须用陈述句语序,即先主语后谓语动词。(把助动词will,have/has,would;情态动词can,may,must;be(am,is,are,was,were)动词放在主语之后;把助动词do,does,did都去掉,注意主句和从句的时态)Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.HesaysthathewenthikinglastSunday.Hewondersifthereweremanypeopleworkingherejustnow.3.宾语从句的时态①.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时的某种时态(一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),从句的谓语动词可根据实际情况使用相应的时态。如:Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?②.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。*初中英语精品资源*~初中英语精品资源~如:Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.③.如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。例如:OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistssaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.注意:宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?4.否定转移在宾语从句中,当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定。改成反义疑问句时,要看从句。其他的宾语从句变反义疑问句时,要看主句。Ithinkyouareright.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Ithinkyouareright,aren’tyou?Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?Shesaidthatshewentswimmingyesterday,didn’tshe?5.宾语从句的简化①当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.②.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.③.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如:CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowIshoulddoit.=Idon’tknowhowtodoit.6.宾语从句的被动语态Peoplesaythatheiskindtoothers.=Itissaidthatheiskindtoothers.7.if既能引导条件状语从句,又能引导宾语从句;when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句,注意时态是不同的。*初中英语精品资源*~初中英语精品资源~如:Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.(时间状语从句)Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.(宾语从句)Iwanttoknowifyouwillcomehereifitrainstomorrow.Idon’tknowwhenyouwillfinishtheworknextweek.Youcanletmeknowwhenyoufinishtheworknextweek.宾语从句专项巩固练习题:一、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobe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