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11-1浙江越秀外国语学院2011—2012学年第一学期期末考试《西方礼仪与文化》课程论文答题卷总分复核得分阅卷人DoingbusinessindifferentculturesAbstract:Thisthemetakeintoaccountthediversityofdoingbusinessindifferentcountries,basedonsomeunfamiliarcustomsandbehaviorsdemonstratedbythedifferentcountriesbusinesspeople.Nothingismorecomfortableandsecurethanunderstandingthecross-culturalaspect.Understandingcanfacilitatecommunicationandavoidmisunderstanding.Althoughminormistakesarepermissible,misunderstandingsandfailuretorecognizeimportantculturalsubtletiesmayleadtostagnationordismissalofthebusiness.Therefore,cultureshockoccursasaresultoftotalimmersioninanewculture.Individualswhomaynotexperiencealltheeffectsofcultureshockmustadapttothemandadjustwellbylearningthisstudy.Keywords:diversity,business,cross-cultural,cultureshock1IntroductionInthebusinessworld,itisoftensaidthattimeismoney.Nowweshouldaddthatbeingfullyawareofculturaldifferencesandsensitivitiesismoney,too.Today,internationalbusinesspeoplefindthemselvesworkinginmulticulturalenvironments,inwhichcross-culturalknowledgeandunderstandingisincreasinglyimportant.学院国际教育专业对外汉语班级1002班学号0703100217姓名陈小华——————————————密————————————————封——————————————————线—————————————————11-2Tobesuccessfulinthenewglobaleconomy,theyhavetodealwithrealdifferencesineverythingfromcommunicationstylestosocialetiquettetocorevalues.2Doingbusinessindifferentcountries2.1DoingbusinessinJapanWheninteractingwithJapanesebusinesspeople.Americanbusinesspeoplesometimesfeeluncomfortable,puzzled,lost,irritatedandthelike,basedonsomeunfamiliarcustomsandbehaviorsdemonstratedbythedifferentcountriesbusinesspeople.Inthefollowing,threeareasarediscussed:(a)businesssuits.ManyJapanesebusinessmentendtoweardarksuitsofnavyblue,darkgrayorbrown.Thesuitsandtiesthattheyweararequiteconservation.AJapanesebusinessmenusuallyfastensthetopbuttonofhissuitwhenhecomesintoaroomtomeetwithhisAmericancounterparttodiscusspossiblebusiness.(b)businesscardexchange.Meishi(Businesscards)arepassedinapreciseceremonialexchangeofbowsthathelpkeepthisstatus-orientedsocietytogether.WhenJapaneseexchangebusinesscards,itiscommonpracticetostandupandgivethebusinesscardwithtwohandsratherthanwithonehand,whileatthesametimebowingslightly.AlthoughtheJapanesebusinessmenmayhandhisbusinesscardwithtwohandstoaAmericanorforeigner,theforeignersmayreceiveitwithonehand.TheJapanesepeoplewillnotfeeloffended,butslightlyuncomfortablefeelingsmayinfactremain.Furthermore,henormallyturnsitinsuchawaythatthereceivercanreaditwithouthavingtoturnit.WhenaJapanesebusinessmenreceiveabusinesscard,heusuallytakesalookatitandreadthedescriptionofthecontents.Theyneverputbusinesscardsinabackpocket.Theyneverwriteonbusinesscards.(c)giftexchange.Whengivingagift,aJapanesewillstangupandholdthegiftoutwithhistwohands.ThentheothersJapaneseisexpectedtostandupandextendhistwohandsinordertoreceivethegiftwithcourteousfeelingsandappreciation.WhenaJapanesestandsupandgivesagiftwithtwohands,ifaforeignerremainsseatedandreceivethegiftwithonehands,theJapanesemayfeelslightlyhurtandthemannerwillgiveanunfavorableimpression.TotheJapanese,what11-3isimportantisthethoughtandeffortmadeinbringingthegift,ratherthanthevalueofthegiftitself.TosayThanksagainfortheomiyage(gift),attheendoftheconversationwillcontentstheJapanese.GenerallyspeakinginJapan,whenJapanesebusinessmenfromonecompanyvisitantherJapanesecompanytodobusiness,theymighttakegiftssuchascakesandsweetpastrieswiththemexcept,perhaps,ontheirinitialvisit.HoweverwhenitcomestointernationalbusinessnegotiationtoheldintheU.S.betweenanAmericancompanyandaJapanesecompany,agiftisoftenbrought.Ifthefirstopportunitytogetacquaintedwitheachother,thegivingofagiftisjustaformofgreeting.Presentingagiftimpliesgoodwill,afriendlyattitudeand,possibly,adesiretodobusinesstogether.Theprice,qualityandvalueofthegiftdependsonthesituation.NormallywhenaJapanesereceiveagiftfromantherJapanese,thereceiverdoesnotopenthegiftinthepresenceofthegiver.Orthegiverwouldprobablyconsiderthatthereceiverhaddemonstratedanextremelyblatantact.Insuchacontext,theJapanesemightgiveamoreexpensivegifttothehigherrankingorbetterknownperson.ThusiftheAmericanbusinessmenopentheirgiftsinthepresenceoftheJapanese,theywillfeelextremelyembarrassedwhentheAmericanrecognizedthattheyreceivedgiftswithdifferentvalues.2.2DoingbusinessinRussiaTheRussiaeconomyhasexperiencedsevereproblems.Atthesametime,however,byfollowingcertainguidelines,wecanbegintotapthepotentialopportunities.HerearesomesuggestionsforbeingsuccessfulinRussia:①Buildpersonalrelationshipswithpartners.BusinesslawsandcontractsdonotmeanasmuchinRussiaastheydointhewest.②Uselocalconsultants.Becausetherulesofbusinesshavechangedsomuchinrecentyears,itpaystohavealocalRussianconsultantworkingwiththecompany.③Considerbusinessethics.EthicalbehaviorintheUnitedStatesisnotalwaysthesameasinRussia.④Bepatient.InordertogetsomethingdoneinRussia,itoftentakesmonthsofwaiting.⑤Stressexclusivity.Russianslikeexclusivearrangementsandoftennegotiatewithjustonefirnatatime.⑥Rememberthatpersonalrelationsareimportant.Russians11-4liketodobusinessface-to-face.⑦Keepfina