批发价契约下的供应链应对突发事件-于辉

200688:100026788(2006)08200332091,2,3(11,400044;21,100084;31,,,):.,.,,,..:;;;:F40617:AManagingWholesalePriceContractintheSupplyChainunderDisruptionsYUHui1,CHENJian2,YUGang3(11CollegeofEconomicsandBusinessAdministration,ChongqingUniversity,Chongqing400044,China;21SchoolofEconomicsandManagement,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China;31McCombsSchoolofBusiness,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,USA)Abstract:Eventhoughthewholesalepricecontractdoesnotcoordinatethesupplychain,itisworthstudyingbecauseitiscommonlyobservedinpractice.Inthispaper,wedealwiththeproblemofoptimalresponsetodisruptionsinsupplychainmanagement.Whendemanddistributionfacedbyretailerisfluctuatedbydisruptions,weobtaintheoptimalreactstrategyofsupplychain.Weprovethat,forthesupplychainunderwholesalepricecontract,onlyifthedemandscalearechangedlargelybydisruptionsthesupplieradjustshisproductionplan,buthewillchangehiswholesalepriceproperly.Somemanagerialpointsandnumericalsimulationaregiven.Keywords:supplychainmanagement;wholesalepricecontract;disruptionmanagement;optimalstrategy:2006202214:(70501015,70401006,70329001):(1973-),,,:.1.,,.,,,.[1]...,,,,.,,.Cachon(2002)[1],Lariviere(1999)[2]LarivierePorteus(2001)[3],.911921(),,..:90,NokiaEricssonPhilips.20003,Philips.(Nokia,Ericsson),NokiaEricsson:2000Nokia3%27%30%,Ericsson200111618[4].,()(911)(921),..,.,.[5,6].(disruptionmanagement)Causen[7].,QiBardYu[8].,.Xu[9]..,,.,.,,F,,q3,q3,().,,,G.,(),q3,,,.?:?,,,.,,.:,,()();,,,:,;,.,:(),(),.2,.,.,.:(),,;();,.:4320068p,,;cs;cr(:);c=cs+crgr;gs;g=gs+grv;w;q;D,F,f,:FF(0)=0.…F=1-F(x)=E(D).[1]:S(q)=q-q0F(y)dy;I(q)=q-S(q);L(q)=-S(q).[1]::r(q,w)=(p-v+gr)S(q)-(cr-v)q-gr-wq;:s(q,w)=gsS(q)-csq-gs+wq;:(q)=r(q)+s(q)=(p-v+g)S(q)-(c-v)q-g.r(q,w)q,q3r:(p-v+gr)S(q3r)-(w+cr-v)=0,:F(q3r)=1-w+cr-vp-v+gr.F,wq3r,w(q)q3r,w(q)=(p-v+gr)…F(q)-(cr-v).:s(q)=s(q,w(q))=gsS(q)+(w(q)-cs)q-gs.cs,,.:5s(q,w(q))5q=gsS(q)+w(q)-cs+w(q)q=(p-v+gr)…F(q)1+gsp-v+gr-qf(q)…F(q)-(c-v).(1)F(q)=qf(q)…F(q)(GFR,generalizedfailurerate).F(q)0,q0,F(q)(IGFR,increasinggeneralizedfailurerate).IGFR[1],:;;Weibull;Gamma;Power,.q1F(q)538=1+gsp-v+gr.1IGFR,[0,),[0,q1],(q1,).q3(p-v+gr)…F(q)1+gsp-v+gr-qf(q)…F(q)=c-v.(2)q3,[0,q1].…F(q)=1-F(q)1+gsp-v+gr-qf(q)…F(q)[0,+),[0,q1],s(q)[0,q1].(q1,+)5s(q)5q0,s(q)[q1,+).5s(q)5qq=0=p-c+g05s(q)5qq=q1=-(c-v)0,5s(q)5q,5s(q)5qq3.s(q)[0,q1],q3.3,,G,g.GG(0)=0,…G(x)=1-G(x),G.SG(q)=q-q0G(t)dt.:Šs(q)=gsSG(q)-csq-gsG+w(q)q-1(q-q3)+-2(q3-q)+.(3)1;2,,.c-v-20,2,.1():q0…G(q)…F(q)(…G(q)…F(q)).1€qmaxq0Šs(q).,…G(q)…F(q)q0,G(q)F(q),€qq3;,…G(q)…F(q)q0,G(q)F(q),€qq3;,.€qq3,€q(3)€q:maxq0Šs(q)=gsSG(q)-csq-qsG+w(q)q-2(q3-q),:(p-v+gr)…G(q)1+gsp-v+gr-qg(q)…G(q)=c-v-2.(4)q21+gsp-v+gr=qg(q)…G(q).G(q)F(q),q0,q2q1.1,(4)€y[0,q2].…G(€q)…F(€q)…F(q3),F(q3)G(€q),c-v-2=(p-v+gr)…G(€q)1+gsp-v+gr-G(€q)6320068(p-v+gr)…F(q3)1+gsp-v+gr-F(q3)c-v.,…G(q)…F(q)G(q)F(q)(q0),.1,€q€q():^s(q)=gsSG(q)-csq-gsG+w(q)q-2(q3-q).(5)^s(q),:(p-v+gr)…G(q)1+gsp-v+gr-G(q)-(c-v+1)=0.(6)1:^s(q)[0,q2],(q2,+),(6).q33(6).q33q3,1,^s(q)[q33,q3],€qq3,q3^s(q),€q=q3.q33q3,q33,€q=q33.1,(1)(6)q33q3,,:€q=q3;2,,(6)q33q3,,:€q=q33.,,.,,.,,.?,.23,q33q3,€q=q3,(3):738wG(€q)=(p-v+gr)…G(€q)-(cr-v)=(p-v+gr)…G(q3)-(cr-v)w(q3)=(p-v+gr)…F(q3)-(cr-v).:,q3,.,q33q3,€q=q33.wG(€p)=wG(q33)w(q3)(4(a))w(q3)(4(b)).,wG(q33)w(q3).4201,1…G(G-1())+G(G-1())F(F-1()),wG(q33)w(q3).3=F(q3)33=G(q33).q3(1),c-vp-v+gr=(1-3)1+gsp-v+gr-F(F-1(3)(1-3)1+gsp-v+gr-1…G(G-1(3))-G(G-1(3)).q33(6),1…G()+(),c-vp-v+gr=(1-33)1+gsp-v+gr-1…G(G-1(33))-G(G-1(33))(1-33)1+gsp-v+gr-1…G(G-1(3))-G(G-1(3)).1-331-3,…G(q33)…F(q3).,:wG(q33)=(p-v+gr)…G(q33)-(cr-v)(p-v+gr)…F(q3)-(cr-v)=w(q3).,,,:…G(q)…F(q)G(q)F(q).1,€q€q():Žs(q)=gsSG(q)-csq-gsG+w(q)q-2(q3-q).(7)Žs(q),:8320068(p-v+gr)…G(q)1+gsp-v+gr-qg(q)…G(q)-(c-v-2)=0.(8)1:Ž(q)[0,q2],(q2,+),(8).„q(8).„qq3,1,Žs(q)[q3,„q].€qq3,q3Žs(q),€q=q3.„qq3,„q,€q=„q.56,,(8)„qq3,q3-„q.,,,.:3FG,()q33q3„qq3,.G.3,,,.4,1,,;2.1:p=30,:cr=2,:gr=1,:v=6;:cr=10,:gs=10;:q3:1=6,:2=3.N(100,30),,81120,.7(a),,.3,,.7(b)(b).,,2.7(c),,,,.,9387.P.(7(d)),81,20,20P81,,;120,,20P120,,.,,,.(7(e))(:,),.7(d),,,.,,.21,N(100,10).,,GGammaGamma(120,1).…G(q)…F(q),q0;FGF(q)G(q).3,,2713864,8418229.G,2810130,10114681.5.,.,.,,.,,..0420068:[1]CachonGP.Supplychaincoordinationwithcontracts[A].HandboodsinOperationsResearchandManagementScience,Vol.11,SupplyChainManagement:Design,CoordinationandOperation[C],2003,229-339.[2]LariviereMA.Supplychaincontractingandcoordinationwithstochasticdemand[A].QuantitativeModelsforSupplyChainManagement[C],1999,235-268.[3]LariviereMA,PorteusEL.Sellingtothenewsvendor:Ananalysisofprice2onlycontracts[J].ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagement,2001,3(4):293-305.[4]LatourA.Atrialbyfire:AblazeinAlbuquerquesets2offmajorcrisisforcellphonegiants2NokiahandlessupplyshockwithaplombasEricssongetsburned[N].TheWallStreetJournal,2001,January29.[5]ThengvallB,BardJF,YuG.Balancinguserpreferencesforaircraftrecoveryduringairlineirregularoperations[J].IIETransactionsonOperationsEngineering,2000,32(3):181-193.[6]YuG,YangJ.Optimizationapplicationintheairlineindustry[A].HandbookofCombinatorialOptimizatio