初中英语代词讲解

人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词相互代词疑问代词关系代词不定代词一.概念二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,n性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirsmyself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfthis,that,these,those,eachother,oneanotherwho,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,as代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。sth…;sb…;both…;all…;no;another,others…ItwasIwhometherin...ItwasherwhoImetin...Itishewhoteaches…Itisuswhoheteaches.HeteachesusP.E.1.人称代词主格:I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。但在强调句型中,被强调的代词的主格宾格保持不变。在省略谓语的句子中,用作主语的人称代词常用宾格TheKingsaremusic-lovers.Theyoftengototheconcert.NancyisaP.Eteacher.I’veknownherforyears.A:DoesanyoneknowSusan’se-mailaddress?/Whoisondutytoday?/WhohasbeentoJapan?B:Me.Imetherinthebar.在用than、as表示比较的句子中用主格,宾格都可以Heistallerthanme/I.Icanrunasfastashe/him.但有时用主格与宾格意义不同，如：1.HeloveshermorethanI=HeloveshermorethanIloveher.2.Heloveshermorethanme=Heloveshermorethanhelovesme.3.IlikeBobasmuchashim.=IlikebothBobandhim.4.IlikeBobasmuchashe.=IlikeBobandhelikesBob,too.2)两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则:二三一人称.“我”总是放在最后,在并列主语中,排列顺序为:you,she/heandI,并列宾格:you,her/himandme,3)人称代词的特殊用法：we/you在口语中常用来泛指一般人。she,her通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.Liaskedyou,Tomandmetocleanthewindows.YoulearnEnglishbetterifyoustayinanEnglish-speakingcountry.TheTitanic,thelargestshipatthattimestartedherfirstjourneyonasunnyday.Chinaismymotherland,Althoughsheisnotrichenoughnow,Istillloveherverymuch.it的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见其人的,非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离A:Who’sthemanbesideyouinthephoto?B:It’smycousinHenry.A:Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Whocanitbe?B:Ibetit’sMike.Iwarnedhimnottosmoke,butitdidn’thelp.Lookatthebaby,it’ssocute/lovely.ItisWednesdaytoday.Itneverrainsbutitpours!Itistenminutes’walkfrommyhousetothepark.ItisfifteenyearssincehecametoShanghai.5)用于强调句6)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itiskind/niceofyoutohelpmewithmymath.Ifind/thinkitusefultoreadEnglisheveryday.Itisourdutytostudyhard.It’sapleasureformetoplaytheguitarforyouall.Itisapitythatyoumissedthefootballmatch.ItissaidthatantrafficaccidenthappenedtohimlastnightItwasreportedthatarobberyhappenedhere.Itseemedthathisinterviewwasasuccess.Itdoesn’tmatterwhattheywillsay.Itis/was+被强调部分+that(强调人可用who)+剩余部分HeteachesusP.E.Itishewhoteaches…/Itisus…makeit（口语）获得成功;takeiteasy从容，不着急letitgo不去理会,随它去（不屑或懒得多说或做什么）this/thatisit这/那正是我(们)所需要的;这/那正是失败的原因所在；这/那正是最后的结果了。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.Ittakesmetenminutestogotoschoolonfoot.Heneverreallymadeitasanactorbefore2000.Westillhavehalfanhour,Takeiteasy!Idon’tagreewithhim,butlwillitgoatthat.Ioverheardhertalkingaboutme,butIletitgo.I’vebeenlookingforahouseformonthsandIthinkthisisit.I’mafraidthat’sit,wehavelostthematch!2.物主代词形容词性:my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,名词性:mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirsadj物主代词属于限定词,后面必须有n,只能作定语。n性物主代词在用法上相当于“adj词性物主代词+n”既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，Thisisn’therpen.Herslooksnewerandcleaner.主语Ilostmybike,CanIuseyours.宾语Lookforyourkeysinyourbag,notinmine.介词宾语:双重属格为：a/an,this,that…+n+of+n性物主代词afriendofmine.eachbrotherofhis.形容词own常用在形容词性物主代词后面加强语气one’sown+名词=.名词ofone’sownIhavemyowncar/friends=Ihaveacar/friendsofmyown.Isawitwithmyowneyes!含有物主代词的词组onone’sown=byoneself独立地，独自地try/doone’sbesttodosth竭尽全力做某事loseone’sway/temper/life.迷路/发脾气/丧命loseone’shearttosb/sth=fallinlovewith…钟情于inone’sforties/fifties在某人40/50来岁的时候doone’shomework做作业；inone’sopinion依某人看beone’sownmaster/mistress独立自主keep/loseone’sbalance(因保持/失去平衡而)稳住/倒下Keep/loseone’shead保持镇定/昏头，冲动Keep/breakone’spromise信守/违背诺言keep/breakone’sword守信/失信,食言eatone’swords承认自己说错话onone’swaytospinone’sfree/sparetime在某人的闲暇时光holdone’sbreath屏息;loseone’sbreath气喘吁吁toone’ssurprise/disappointment令某人惊讶/失望的是1).作动词的宾语Behaveyourselves,children!Weenjoyedourselves=hadagoodtimelastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lora.2).作介词的宾语She’sveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness.I’mconfidentofmyself=Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.Theywerediscussingaboutitamongthemselves.3).作表语:I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday.What’swrongwithyou?Youdon’tlookyourselftoday.4).作同位语，起强调作用Thebookitselfisgood,butitisn’tsuitableforyou.Theboyhimselfisnotbadalthoughheisnaughty.3.反身代词myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfenjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自学…buyoneselfsth=buysthforoneself为自己买…calloneselfawriter/JayChou自称作家/周杰论introduceoneself自我介绍；beproudofoneself自豪devoteoneselfto全神贯注于;献身于behaveoneself举止规范;expressoneself表达思想hurtoneself弄伤自己;dressoneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Helponeselftosome…随便吃/喝点….makeoneselfathome,放松；别拘束makeoneselfunderstood让别人明白/理解自己thinkmoreofoneselfthanothers考虑自己多于别人feeloneself感到有精神;lookoneself跟往常一样健康byoneself=onone’sown独自地;独立地一些常见的包含反身代词的词组指示代词的句法功能:作主语、宾语、介词宾语:4.指示代词:指示代词的特殊指代功能：1.介绍别人时要用thisis;ThisisMissLi.ThisisTom2.this常指下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指上文中提到过的人/事物有承上的作用。this,these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that,those常指时间或空间较远的人或物。Iwanttotellyouthis:Thepartywillbeputoff.Hehurthisle