汽车制造行业的物流和供应链管理

1AutoLogisticsandSupplyChainManagementSummit2003ThePracticeofVMIinChina陈晖中国物流公司执行总裁2AgendaOurunderstandingoftheautomotivelogisticsneedsWhatisVMI–definition,proceduresandbenefitsChallengesofVMIinChinaCasestudyBriefintroductiontoChinaLogisticsCompany3AnautomotiveOEM’slogisticsneedscoverbothinboundandoutboundoperationsofpartsandfinishedvehiclesPlantSuppliersConsolidationandLoadingCenterServicePartsDistributionCenterLogisticsforProductionPartsLogisticsforServicePartsLogisticsforCompleteVehiclesDealerDealer/ServiceStationBondedWarehouseforImportPartsOurunderstandingoftheautomotivelogisticsneeds4Supplychainmanagement(SCM)isthestrategicmanagementtoolthatcoordinatesthematerialandinformationflowsacrossthevaluechaintosupportadaptiveness5“Demand-pull”valuechainrequiresthecompaniestobeflexibleandableto“control”alargepartortheentiresupplychainSuppliersManufacturingDemandindirectlydrivesmanufacturingvolumethroughforecastsWarehouseWholesale/Retail“Supply-push”LogisticsChainSuppliersB2BExchangeManufacturingDirectDelivery“Demand-pull”LogisticsChainManufacturingdrivenbyactualdemand•Therateofsupplywassetbythemanufacturerinadvance,basedonexpecteddemand•Itwastheroleofthelogisticsproviderstoensureajust-in-timesupplyofcomponents•Therateofmanufactureisdeterminedonareal-timebasisbytherateofdemand•Whilethismodelismoreefficient,itrequiresperfectintegrationofalllogisticsoperationswithinoneprocessSource:LehmanBrothers,A.T.KearneyAnalysis6Third-partylogisticsproviders(3PLs)candirectly,orthroughapartnernetwork,providearangeofservices•Procurement•Payablesmanagement•Supplierpaymentandconsolidatedinvoicing•Vendorperformancemonitoringandexceptionreporting•Jointprocessimprovementwithvendors•Overallfreightcoordination•Fullloadtruckcarrying•Less-than-loadtruckcarrying•Smalllot(lessthan150pounds)carrying•Orderconsolidation•Deliveryscheduling•Expeditingspecial/rushorders•Returningandreprocessingundeliverableorders•Deliverytracing•Performanceandexceptionmonitoringandreporting•Overallinventorymanagement•Optimizingsupplierorderschedules•Optimizingdealerorderschedules•Certificationofincomingshipments•Barcoding•Performanceandexceptionmonitoringandreporting•TrackingandReportingSystemsaccessibleviaInternet•MaterialResourcePlanning•Orderpreparation/assembly/consolidation•Sourcingofpackagingmaterials•Printingofcorrugateand/orlinerboardmaterials•Labeling•ShrinkwrappingofcasesandpalletsFreightandDistributionCoordinationWarehousingandInventoryManagementMinorAssemblyandPackagingProcurement7DifferencebetweentraditionalbusinessmodelandVMImodelTraditionalVMIPurchaseOrderPlacementWhenacustomerneedsproduct,theyplaceanorderagainstamanufacturer.UnderVMI,thevendorgeneratestheorder,notthecustomer.InventoryTransparencyOnlyorderistransmittedtosupplierwhenproductisneeded.Thevendorcanviewthe“real-time”stocklevelofeveryitemthatthecustomercarriesaswellastruepointofconsumptiondata.InventoryReplenishmentThecustomerisintotalcontrolofthetimingandsizeoftheorderbeingplaced.Thevendorisintotalcontrolofthetimingandsizeoftheorderbeingplaced.InventoryPlanThecustomermaintainstheinventoryplan.Thevendorisresponsibleforcreatingandmaintainingtheinventoryplan.8SimplestVMIworkflowManufacturerSuppliers23411.Themanufacturerapprovesthepurchasingtermswithsuppliers,includingthecommonlyagreedinventoryresponsibilityandmaintenancescheme.2.Themanufacturersendsproductactivitydatatothesupplier.Thisproductactivityisbasedonwarehousemovementofproductconsumedattheassemblylinelevel.3.Basedontheagreedinventorymaintenancescheme,thesupplieredits,approvesandreleasesthesuggestedpurchaseorder.4.Themanufacturerapprovesthispurchaseorderandsendittothesupplier.9ConsolidationandLoadingCenteriscommonlyusedtoreducethecomplexityincoordinatingmultiplevendorsQualityofdeliveryservicesfromvendorstoline-sidemightbedifferentVendors’shippingvolumemightbeverysmallgivenmorefrequent“demand-pull”ordersVendorsmightneedalargeline-sidebuffertocompriseafull-truckloadandmake-upasafetystockLargeline-sideareaisneededtoaccomplishunpacking,kitting,andpossiblysequencingofpartsbeforefeedingtoassemblylineIndividualvendorsmightrentwarehousesforthemselves,withlimitedscaletosharewithothervendorsConsistentdeliveryservicetoline-sideOptimalshippingvolumetoreducetransportationcostandinventorycostReducedrequirementonline-sidewarehousespaceCoordinationbetweensuppliersandproductionlinepossibletopromotesynchronizationandJITHowConsolidationandLoadingCenterApproachHelpsPotentialIssuesinSimplestVMIModel10Win-winsituationcanbeachievedforbothmanufacturers…PlanningandorderingcostsforthemanufacturergodownduetotheresponsibilitybeingshiftedtothevendorImprovedcustomerservice–vendorscanbetterrespondtocustomers’inventoryneedsintermsofbothquantityandlocationReduceddemanduncertainty–byconstantlymonitoringcustomers’inventoryanddemandstream,thenumberoflarge,unexpectedcustomerorderswilldwindle,ordisappearThemanufacturerismorefocusedthaneverinprovidinggoodserviceandtheoverallservicelevelisimprovedbyhavingtherightproductattherighttimeSpeedandaccuracyofda