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(一)Aftercompletingacommercialtransaction,logisticswillexecutethetransferofgoodsfromthesupplier(seller)tothecustomer(buyer)inthemostcost-effectivemanner.Thisisthedefinitionoflogistics.Duringthetransferprocess,hardwaresuchaslogisticsfacilitiesandequipment(logisticscarriers)areneeded,aswellasinformationcontrolandstandardization.Inaddition,supportsfromthegovernmentandlogisticsassociationshouldbeinplace.Threemajorfunctionsoflogistics1.Creatingtimevalue:samegoodscanbevalueddifferentlyatdifferenttimes.Goodsoftenstopduringthetransferprocess,whichisprofessionallycalledthestorageoflogistics.Itcreatesthetimevalueforgoods.2.Creatinglocationvalue:samegoodscanbevalueddifferentlyatdifferentlocations.Thevalueaddedduringthetransferprocessisthelocationvalueoflogistics.3.DistributionprocessingValue:sometimelogisticscreatedistributionprocessingvalue,whichchangesthelength,thicknessandpackagesofthegoods.Likepopularsaying,“cuttingintosmallerparts“isthemostcommonlyseendistributionprocessingform.Mostprocessingwithinlogisticscreateaddedvalueforgoods.1.Whatisthemeaning“cost-effective”?(B)A.CostreducedB.EconomicallyC.CostevaluateD.Toaddcost2.(D)createstimevalueA.TransportationB.GoodflowC.DifferentlocationD.Storage3.Whatisthesamemeaningoflocationvalue?(B)A.DifferentvalueB.DifferentvalueofsamegoodsatthedifferentplacesC.DifferentgoodD.Differentvalueofdifferentgoodsatthesameplace4.Whatisthedistributionprocessingvalue?(D)A.DistributionB.ProcessingC.SalesandprocessingD.Changingthelength,thicknessandthepackageofthegoods5.Thedistributionprocessvalueisavailableinalllogisticsactivities.Isitcorrectornot?(C)A.BothB.YesC.NotD.Notclear(二)Anincreasingnumberofcompaniesareinvolvingininternationalmarketsthroughexporting,licensing,jointventures,andownership.Thistrendshouldcontinue.Withsuchexpansionthereisaneedtodevelopworldwidelogisticsnetworks.Integratedlogisticsmanagementandcostanalysiswillbemorecomplexanddifficulttomanage.Therearesomefuturetrendsininternationalization:1.Morelogisticsexecutiveswithinternationalresponsibilities.2.Expansionofthenumberandsizeofforeigntradezones.3.Reductionintheamountofinternationalpaperworkanddocumentation.4.Moreforeignwarehousingisownedandcontrolledbytheexportingfirm.5.Increasingnumberofsmallerfirms.6.Foreignownershipoflogisticsservicefirms,e.g.,publicwarehousingandtransportationcarriers.7.Increasingmultipledistributionchannels.Theinternationaltransportandtheinternationallogisticsaresamethingsinsomeway.So,whentheinternationaltradinginvolved,thefirmmustestablishinternationallogisticssystemstoprovidetheproductsandservicesdemanded.Themostsignificantdevelopmentininternationallogisticswillbetheincreasingsophisticationinformationsystemadoptedandindependentdepartmentstooperate.1.Whatisthesubjectoftheparagraph?(C)A.TheinternationaltradeB.TheinternationaltransportC.TheinternationallogisticsD.Internationaleconomy2.Whatisthesamemeaningof“Internationalization”?(B)A.NationalizationB.GlobalizationC.IntegrationD.Standardization3.Whatisthemeaningoftrend?(A)A.GeneraldirectionB.DevelopingroadC.WayD.Path4.Theinternationaltransportandtheinternationallogisticsaresame.Isitcorrectornot?(D)A.NotmentionintheparagraphB.NotclearC.WrongD.Right5.Theinternationaltradeneedsthe(B)tofulfillitstransaction.A.TrucksB.LogisticsC.ShipsD.Aircrafts(三)Thecharactersofmodernlogisticsarehugequantity,quickresponseandglobalization.Inordertomeettheneeds,informationtechnologyhasbecomethebraintocontrolthem.Barcode,POS,EDI,GPSandinternetarethemainchoicesfortheoperationoflogistics.Barcodesystemcangetthegoodsinformationfastandexactly.Bythedataprocessingunit,POSsystemcanchecktheinventoryofwarehouseatanytime.WhenthesupercenteradoptsPOSsystem,itcancheckthesalesrecord,inventoryevencashfloweasily.EDIisamagictoolthatcantranslateyourdocumentsintoelectronicdata,sentittoyourpartnerinanylocationbycable.Inthisway,wedon’tneedtomakedealface-to-face.revisethedocuments,declaretocustomsbeforetheshipmentsarrived,andmore.Now,EDIisthemostessentialinformationtoolforinternationaltradeandlogistics.Allofinformationtoolsarebasedoninternet.Intoday’ssociety,theorgansofcommercialandgovernment,schools,evenindividualcanmakeE-commercewithinternet.So,Internetisthegreatestrevolutiontoinfluencethemankind.1.Informationtechnologycanhelptheoperationofthelogistics,butcan’tchangeitsfuture.Isitcorrectornot?(B)A.CorrectB.WrongC.InlimitedwayD.Theroleisnotdecided2.EDIisthecoreofinformationtechnologyusedininternationaltradeandtransportation.Isitafact?(A)A.CorrectB.WrongC.NotmentionedD.Notclear3.Whatisthemeaningof“magictool”intheparagraph?(D)A.VisibleB.InvisibleC.NetD.Youcan’timageit.4.Whatismostimportantinformationtechnologyinthelogistics?(C)A.BarCodeB.POSC.EDID.GPS5.WhyistheInternetagreatrevolution?(D)A.ThenewestscientificandtechnologyinventionB.ThemostadvancedtechnologyC.ThevaluabletoolD.Helpingthemankindgreatly(四)Ifashipperhasastrictarrivalanddeparturerequirements,railroadsareatacompetitivedisadvantagecomparedtomotorcarriers.Someofthisdisadvantagemaybeovercomethroughcombinedtransport,whichofferstheeconomyofrai