计算机专业英语教案

示范性软件学院ENGLISHFORCOMPUTERSCIENCEInstructor:JuanCHEN陈娟SchoolofSoftwareUniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina示范性软件学院任课教师陈娟博士（英国Bradford大学）电子科技大学讲师研究方向：数字媒体处理邮箱：[e-mail]示范性软件学院考察方式：（1）写一篇英文自我介绍（200个词以上）（2）写一篇介绍计算机题材的论文（500个词以上）注意事项：缺1/3以上课程，不给成绩。抄袭将通不过。Word2003的电子档和打印后的纸质档，于最后一节课后提交。教学及考察方式主要教学方式：（1）通过阅读通俗计算机文献，来了解计算机专业词汇。（2）课后的巩固练习。示范性软件学院英文自我介绍(Self-introduction)•学习背景（EducationBackground）•工作经历（WorkingExperiences）•目前从事的工作或学习的概况（currentworkorstudy）•兴趣和爱好（interestsandhabits）•工作、学习或生活方面的计划（Planforfuturework,studyorlife）示范性软件学院介绍计算机题材的论文•开发式题目：对…….的探讨•DiscussionsonInternet/QQchartingtool/QQgames/Emailbox/database/network/softwaredevelopment/managementsystem/…示范性软件学院介绍计算机题材的论文•选题的背景（Background）–与你的工作、学习相关，是你感兴趣的方面•对该技术或软件的介绍（Abriefintroductionto…）–使用方法，功能，你的体验•结论（Conclusion）–你对现有的技术或软件的评价，哪些地方需要进一步改进示范性软件学院教学及考察方式本门课的内容主要涉及：（1）有关计算机各大领域的通用英语词汇。如：计算机结构、软件、数据库、网络、安全、多媒体等。（2）常用科技英文数量表示法。如：数量、几何、质量等。（3）常用科技英文概念描述法。如：定语、状语等从句。（4）网络时代常用科技英文及词汇翻译方法。如：百度、Google、维基百科Wikipedia。《计算机英语实用教程》（第三版），刘兆毓，郑家农等编著，清华大学出版社，2006《计算机专业英语》，刘乃琦，电子科技大学出版社，1998示范性软件学院CHAPTER1PRINCIPLESOFCOMPUTERORGANIZATION1.1COMPUTERHARDWARE示范性软件学院1.1COMPUTERHARDWAREMainpoint:●Functionofcomputer●OrganizationofcomputerHardware●Typeofcomputer●MainPerformanceofcomputer●Expressionoflargeorsmallquantitiesofspaceortime示范性软件学院Webuildcomputertosolveproblems.Earlycomputersolvedmathematicalandengineeringproblems,andlatercomputersemphasizedinformationprocessingforbusinessapplications.Today,computersalsocontrolmachinesasdiverseasautomobileengines,robots,andmicrowaveovens.Acomputersystemsolvesaproblemfromanyofthesedomainsbyacceptinginput,processingit,andproducingoutput.Figure1-1illustratesthefunctionofacomputersystem.InputOutputProcessingFigure1-1Thethreeactivitiesofacomputersystem示范性软件学院Computersystemsconsistofhardwareandsoftware.Hardwareisthephysicalpartofthesystem.Oncedesigned,hardwareisdifficultandexpensivetochange.Softwareisthesetofprogramsthatinstructthehardwareandiseasiertomodifythanhardware.Computersarevaluablebecausetheyaregeneral-purposemachinesthatcansolvemanydifferentkindsofproblems,asopposedtospecial-purposemachinesthatcaneachsolveonlyonekindofproblem.原因状语从句定语从句状语定语从句示范性软件学院?1●Explainthedifferencebetweengeneral-purposemachinesandspecial-purposemachines●PointthepurposesofcomputerDifferentproblemscanbesolvedwiththesamehardwarebysupplyingthesystemwithadifferentsetofinstructions,thatis,withdifferentsoftware.示范性软件学院Everycomputerhasfourbasichardwarecomponents:●Inputdevices●Outputdevices●Mainmemory●Centralprocessingunit(CPU)Figure1-2showsthesecomponentsinablockdiagram.示范性软件学院Thelinesbetweentheblocksrepresenttheflowofinformationflowsfromonecomponenttoanotheronthebus,whichissimplyagroupofwiresconnectingthecomponents.[1]ProcessingoccursintheCPUandmainmemory.TheorganizationinFigure1-2,withthecomponentsconnectedtoeachotherbythebus,iscommon.However,otherconfigurationsarepossibleaswell.?2●Howmanycomponentsareusedtobuildacomputer?Listthem非限定性定语从句示范性软件学院Computerhardwareisoftenclassifiedbyitsrelativephysicalsize:●Smallmicrocomputer;●Mediumminicomputer;●Largemainframe.InputdevicesCentralprocessingunitMainmemoryOutputdevicesBusFig.1-2Blockdiagramofthefourcomponentsofacomputersystem示范性软件学院JusttheCPUofamainframeoftenoccupiesanentirecabinet.Itsinput/output(I/O)devicesandmemorymightfillanentireroom.Microcomputerscanbesmallenoughtofitonadeskorinabriefcase.Astechnologyadvances,theamountofprocessingpreviouslypossibleonlyonlargemachinesbecomespossibleonsmallermachines.Microcomputersnowcandomuchoftheworkthatonlyminicomputersormainframescoulddointhepast.时间状语从句定语从句示范性软件学院?3●DescribetheclassificationofcomputersaccordingtoitsphysicalsizeTheclassificationjustdescribedisbasedonphysicalsizeasopposedtostoragesize.Acomputersystemuserisgenerallymoreconcernedwithstoragesize,becausethatisamoredirectindicationoftheamountofusefulworkthatthehardwarecanperform.原因状语从句定语从句示范性软件学院Speedofcomputationisanothercharacteristicthatisimportanttotheuser.Generallyspeaking,userswantafastCPUandlargeamountsofstorage,butaphysicallysmallmachinefortheI/Odevicesandmainmemory.Whencomputerscientistsstudyproblems,therefore,theyareconcernedwithspaceandtime-thespacenecessaryinsideacomputersystemtostoreaproblemandthetimerequiredtosolveit.TheycommonlyusethemetricprefixesofTable1-1toexpresslargeorsmallquantitiesofspaceortime.示范性软件学院?4●WhatareMainperformancesofcomputer?..MultiplePrefixAbbrev.109giga-G106mega-M103kilo-K10-3milli-m10-6micro-μ10-9nano-nTable1-1Prefixesforpowersof10.示范性软件学院TheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI，国际单位制)specifiesasetofunitprefixesknownasSIprefixesormetricprefixes(courtesyofwikipedia)国际单位制词头示范性软件学院ExampleSupposeittakes4.5microseconds,alsowritten4.5μs,totransfersomeinformationacrossthebusfromonecomponenttoanother.(a)Howmanysecondsarerequiredforthetransfer?(b)Howmanytransferscantakeplaceduringoneminute?［2］(a)Atimeof4.5μsis4.5×10-6fromTable1-1or0.0000045s.(b)Becausethereare60secondsinoneminute,thenumberoftimesthetransfercanoccuris(60s)/(0.0000045s/transfer)or13300000transfers.同位语示范