《通信专业英语》大作业姓名:罗强学号:201230105089序号:01号系别:中兴通信工程学院班级:12级通信六班完成时间:2014、12、26一、翻译4GMobile:4GMobileVoicewasthedriverforsecond-generationmobileandhasbeenaconsiderablesuccess.Today,videoandTVservicesaredrivingforwardthirdgeneration(3G)deployment.Andinthefuture,lowcost,highspeedwilldriveforwardthefourthgeneration(4G)asshort-rangecommunicationemerges.Serviceandaplicationubiquity,withahighdegreepersonalizationandsynchronizationbetweenvarioususerappliances,willbeanotherdriver.Atthesametime,itisprobablethattheradioaccessnetworkwillevolvefromacentralizedarchitecturetoadistributedone.声音是第二代移动驱动,并得到了相当大的成功。今天,视频和TV服务正在向第三代(3G)发展。并且在以后,低成本和高速的特点将带动它们进入第四代(4G)即短距离通信,随着服务和折叠技术的普及,各种用户设备之间的个性化和同步化程度越高,将成为另一个驱动器。在同一时间,该无线电接入网络有可能将来自集中式架构演进到一个分布式之一。1.ServiceEvolutionTheevolutionfrom3Gto4Gwillbedrivenbyservicesthatofferbetterquality(e.g.,videoandsound)thankstogreaterbandwidth,moresophisticationintheassociationofalargequantityofinformation,andimprovedpersonalization.Convergencewithothernetwork(enterprise,fixed)serviceswillcomeaboutthroughthehighsessiondatarate.Itwillrequireanalways-onconnectionandarevenuemodelbasedonafixedmonthlyfee.Theimpactonnetworkcapacityisexpectedtobesignificant.Machine-to-machinetransmissionwillinvolvetwobasicequipmenttypes:sensor(whichmeasureparameters)andtags(whicharegenerallyread/writeequipment).Itisexpectedthatuserswillrequirehighdatarates,similartothoseonfixednetworks,fordataandstreamingapplications.Mobileterminalusage(laptops,personaldigitalassistants,handhelds)isexpectedtogrowrapidlyastheybecomemoreuserfriendly.Fluidhighqualityvideoandnetworkreactivityareimportantuserrequirements.Keyinfrastructuredesignrequirementsinclude:fastresponse,highsessionrate,highcapacity,lowusercharges,rapidreturnoninvestmentforoperators,investmentthatislinewiththegrowthindemand,andsimpleautonomousterminals.Theinfrastructurewillbemuchmoredistributedthanincurrentdeployments,facilitatingtheintroductionofanewsourceoflocaltraffic:machine-to-machine.1.服务革命从3G到4G演进将由更高质的服务(例如,视频和声音)推动,更大的带宽使得大量信息的关联显得更加复杂,个人化也得到了提高。要想融合了其他网络(企业,固定的)服务的出现得通过高会话的数据速率。这将需要一个永远在线的连接,并收取固定的月租费。预计这对网络容量的影响是显著。机器间的传输将涉及两个基本类型的设备:传感器(用来测量参数)和标签(通常用来读/写设备)。据估计,用户会需要高数据速率,类似于那些在固定网络提供数据和数据流的应用程序。移动终端的使用(笔记本电脑,个人数字助理,掌上电脑)有望迅速增长,因为它们变得更加方便用户。流畅高质的的视频和网络的反应性是重要的用户需求。关键基础设施的设计要求包括:快速响应,高会话率,高容量,低使用费,运营商投资的快速回报。投资能够按照需求的增长,以及简单的自发终端。基础设施将比目前的部署更加分散,这样便于引进本地通话的新来源:机器对机器。2.Multi-technologyApproachManytechnologiesarecompetingontheroadto4Q,ascanbeseeninFigure1.Threepathsarepossible,eveniftheyaremoreorlessspecialized.Thefirstisthe3G-centricpath,inwhichCodeDivisionMultipleAccess(CDMA)willbeprogressivelypushedtothepointatwhichterminalmanufacturerswillgiveup.Whenthispointisreached,anothertechnologywillbeneededtorealizetherequiredincreasesincapacityanddatarates.ThesecondpathistheradioLANone.WidespreaddeploymentofWiFiisexpectedtostartin2005forPCs,laptopsandPDAs.Inenterprises,voicemaystarttobecarriedbyVoiceoverWirelessLAN(VoWLAN).However,itisnotclearwhatthenextsuccessfultechnologywillbe.Reachingaconsensusona200Mbit/s(andmore)technologywillbealengthytask,withtoomanyproprietarysolutionsonoffer.AthirdpathisIEEE802.16eand802.20,whicharesimplerthan3Gfortheequivalentperformance.AcorenetworkevolutiontowardsabroadbandNextGenerationNetwork(NGN)willfacilitatetheintroductionofnewaccessnetworktechnologiesthroughstandardaccessgateways,basedonETSI-TISPAN,ITU-T,3GPP,ChinaCommunicationStandardsAssociation(CCSA)andotherstandards.Howcananoperatorprovidealargenumberofuserswithhighsessiondataratesusingitsexistinginfrastructure?Atleasttwotechnologiesareneeded.Thefirst(calledparentcoverage)isdedicatedtolargecoverageandreal-timeservices.Legacytechnologies,suchas2G/3GandtheirevolutionswillbecomplementedbyWiFiandWiMAX.Asecondsetoftechnologiesisneededtoincreasecapacity,andcanbedesignedwithoutanyconstraintoncoveragecontinuity.Thisisknownaspico-cellcoverage.Onlytheuseofbothtechnologiescanachievebothtargets.Handoverbetweenparentcoverageandpicocellcoverageisdifferentfromaclassicalroamingprocess,butsimilartocoveragehandover.Parentcovercanalsobeusedasaback-upwhenservicedeliveryinthepicocellbecometoodifficult.2.多技术方法如在图1可以看出,许多技术都在4Q的道路上争夺着,.有三种路径是可能的,即使它们或多或少专门化。第一种路径是3G中心,其中码分多址(CDMA)将逐步被推到终端制造商放弃的状态下。当达到这一状态,另一种技术,将需要实现所需容量的增加和数据传输速率。第二种路径是无线局域网之一。广泛部署的WiFi,预计从2005年开始使用在个人电脑,笔记本电脑和PDA。在企业中,语音可能会开始通过无线局域网语音(VoWLAN)进行。然而,下一种成功的技术是不明确的。提供太多专有的解决方案,达到200Mbit/s(以上)的技术达成共识将是一个漫长的任务。第三种路径是IEEE802.16e和802.20,在相同性能下比3G技术更简单了。对宽带的下一代网络(NGN)核心网络演进将有利于通过标准的接入网关推出新的接入网技术,这是基于ETSI-TISPAN,ITU-T,3GPP,中国通信标准化协会(CCSA)等标准。可使用操作者提供大量使用着现有的基础设施有着高速度会话数据传输速率的用户呢?至少需要两种技术。第一种(称为“父覆盖”)是专用于大覆盖范围和实时服务。传统技术,比如2G/3G和它们的演进将由WiFi和WiMAX来补充。第二种技术是用来增加容量,并且可以被设计成没有覆盖连续性的任何约束。这就是所谓的皮蜂窝区覆盖。只有采用这两种技术才可实现目标。交接技术在父覆盖和皮蜂窝区上,与传统的漫游过程中不同,但在交接覆盖相似。当皮蜂窝区服务提供变得过于困难时,父覆盖还起到一种后备作用。3.Key4GTechnologiesSomeofthekeytechnologiesrequiredfor4Garebrieflydescribedbelow:一些4G所需的关键技术简述如下:3.1OFDMAOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing(OFDM)notonlyprovidesclearadvantagesforphysicallayerperformance,butalsoaframeworkforimprovinglayer2performancebyproposinganadd