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STRUCTUREoftheProfessionalEnglishAutomotiveMaintenanceandRepairAutomotiveBasicsAutomotiveMarketingandServiceAutomotiveDesignandManufacturingSection1AutomotiveBasics第一篇汽车基础Chapter1GeneralInformationBasicPartsClassificationChapter2InternalCombustionEngineOperationClassificationsBlockAndHeadPistonAndConnectingRodCrankshaftValveSystemFuelInjectionDirectInjectionCommonRailCoolingLubricationChapter3PowerTrainClutchM/TA/TCVTAMTDCTChapter4SteeringandSuspensionSystemsChapter5BrakingSystemsChapter6ElectricalAndElectronicSystemsPowerSourseStartorAlternatorLightsSignalsAnti-theftAir-conditioning本部分讲授内容NewWordscategory['kætigəri]n.种类，类型，范畴manifold['mænifəuld]a.多种形式的n.歧管styling['stailiŋ]n.花[式]样streamlined['stri:mlaind]a.流线型的,现代化的chassis['∫æsi]n.底盘coolant['ku:lənt]n.冷却液，冷却剂lubrication[ֽlu:bri'kei∫ən]n.润滑ignition[ig'ni∫ən]n.点火,点燃1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1EngineNewWordstransmission[trænz'mi∫ən]n.变速器，传动,传动系统，传送，发射clutch[klʌt∫]n.离合器hydraulic[hai'drɔ:lik]a.液压的，水压的，水力的manoeuvre[mə'nu:və]=maneuvrev.策划，机动；n.策略,调动drum[drʌm]n.鼓,鼓声；v.击鼓pedal['pedl]n.踏板1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1EngineNewWordsignition[ig'ni∫ən]n.点火,点燃ignite[ig'nait]v.点火,点燃carburetor['kɑ:bjuretə]n.化油器combustible[kəm'bʌstəbl]a.易燃的axle['æksl]n.轮轴,车轴suspension[səs'pen∫ən]n.悬架，悬浮,悬浮液,暂停,中止,悬而未决differential[ֽdifə'ren∫əl]n.差速器，微分；a.微分的，差动的1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1EngineToday'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipments，seeFig.1-1.Fig.1-1basicpartsofacar1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1EngineTheengineactsasthepowerunit.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasolineengine(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddieselengine(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Allengineshavefuel,exhaust,cooling,andlubricationsystems.Gasolineenginesalsohaveanignitionsystem.Theignitionsystemsuppliestheelectricsparkneededtoignitetheair-fuelmixtureinthecylinders.Thefuelsystemstoresliquidfuelanddeliversittotheengine.Thefuelismixedwithairtoformacombustiblemixtureinthecarburetor,themanifold,orthecylindersthemselves.Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheengine.Airandacoolantareusedtocarryawaytheheat.Thelubricationsystemisimportantinkeepingtheenginerunningsmoothly.Motoroilisthelubricantusedinthesystem.1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1EngineAnautomobilebody(Fig.1-2)providesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modemappearanceforthevehicle.Itisstreamlinedtolessenwindresistanceandtokeepthecarfromswayingatthedrivingspeeds.1.1.2Body1.1BasicPartsofAutomobileFig.1-2AnautomobilebodyThechassisincludesthepowertrain,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.Thepowertrainsystemcomprisesclutch,transmission,propellershaft,rearaxleanddifferentialandthedrivingroadwheels.Theclutchortorqueconverterhasthetaskofdisconnectingandconnectingtheengine'spowerfromandtothedrivingwheelsofthevehicle.Themainpurposeofthetransmissionorgearboxistoprovideaselectionofgearratiosbetweentheengineanddrivingwheels,sothatthevehiclecanoperatesatisfactorilyunderalldrivingconditions.Gearselectionmaybedonemanuallybythedriverorautomaticallybyahydrauliccontrolsystem.Thefunctionofthepropeller(drive)shaftistotransmitthedrivefromthegearboxtotheinputshaftoftherearaxleanddifferentialassembly.Flexiblejointsallowtherearaxleandwheelstomoveupanddownwithoutaffectingoperation.Therearaxleanddifferentialunittransmitstheengine'srotationalpowerthrough90°frompropellershafttoaxleshafttoroadwheels.Afurtherfunctionistoalloweachdrivingwheeltoturnatadifferentspeedwhencornering.Athirdfunctionistointroduceanothergearratiofortorquemultiplication.1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.3ChassisThebasicjobofthesuspensionsystemistoabsorbtheshockscausedbyirregularroadsurfacesthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedtothevehicleanditsoccupants,thushelpingtokeepthevehicleonacontrolledandlevelcourse,regardlessofroadconditions.Thesteeringsystemprovidesthemeansbywhichthefrontwheelsaredirectionallyturned.Thesteeringsystemmaybepowerassistedtoreducetheeffortrequiredtoturnthesteeringwheelandmakethevehicleeasiertomanoeuvre.Thebrakingsystemonavehiclehasthreemainfunctions.Itmustbeabletoreducethespeedofthevehicle,whennecessary;itmustbeabletostopthecarinasshortadistanceaspossible;itmustbeabletoholdthevehiclestationary.Eachwheelhasabrakeassembly,ofeitherthedrumtypeorthedisctype,hydraulicallyoperatedwhenthedriverappliesthefootbrakepedal.1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.3ChassisTheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofabattery,andanalternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.4ElectricalEquipmentChapter1GeneralInformation1.2ClassificationofAutomobileNewWordssedan[si'dæn]n.轿车,轿子enclosed[in'klouzd]a.封闭的,密闭的pick-up['pikʌp]n.拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），传感器gross[grous]a.总的,毛重的;n.总额coac