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1GAUGER&RANALYSIS(Repeatability&Reproducibility)(再现性&重复性)量检具再现性&重复性分析2•determininghowmuchofaproblemisduetoinconsistenciesinthemeasurementprocess.•确定问题有多少是由测量过程的不一致造成的。•localizingthedominantsourceofmeasurementinconsistencyinasystemsothatappropriatecorrectiveactioncanbeimplemented.•确定系统中测量不一致的主要来源，以便采取合适的整改行动。Planandreviewbeforestarting开始前进行计划和回顾Ensuretestsamplesreflectthefullrangeoftheprocess确保实验样本覆盖所有过程Alwaysbepresentwhenthetestsarerun实验进行过程中全程在场Ensuresamplesareappropriately“blinded”确保样本是随机抽取的Ensurerepeatrunswiththesamepersonarerandomized确保同一个人进行的重复实验是随机的3Measurementsarecritical...测量是关键的…•Ifwecan’taccuratelymeasuresomething,wereallydon’tknowmuchaboutit.•如果我们不能正确地测量某些东西，我们就对其了解得不多。•Ifwedon’tknowmuchaboutit,wecan’tcontrolit.•如果我们对其了解得不多，我们就无法控制它。•Ifwecan’tcontrolit,weareatthemercyofchance.•如果我们无法控制它，我们就任其摆布。4BreakthroughStrategyCharacterizationPhase1:阶段1：Measurement测量Phase2:阶段2：Analysis分析Optimization优化Phase3:阶段3：Improvement改进Phase4:阶段4：Control控制IMPROVEMENTROADMAP改进路径图•Verifythevalidityofprimary(Y)andsecondarymetricmeasurementsystems.•验证首要(Y)和次要公制计量系统的有效性。SixSigmaUses六西格玛用途•Verifythevalidityofmeasurementsystemsusedtomeasurefactors(x).•验证用来测量要素(X)的公制计量系统的有效性。•Evaluateeffectivenessofstrategiestoreducemeasurementsystemerror•评估针对减少测量系统误差的策略的效果突破策略Strategy特性策略5WHATISANR&RSTUDY?什么是再现性和重复性研究GageBias量检具偏差ActualValues真值MeasurementSystemBias测量系统偏差MeasurementSystemVariance测量系统差异OperatorVariation操作者差异GageVariation量检具差异Reproducibility再现性Linearity线性Accuracy准确性Repeatability重复性Stability稳定性MeasurementSystemOutput测量系统输出ThepurposeofR&Rstudiesistoevaluatethevarianceofthemeasurementsystem.Thevariabilityiscategorizedintwoareas…Reproducibilityforoperatortooperatorvariation….andRepeatabilityforvariabilitywithintheremainingpartsofthemeasurementsystem.再现性和重复性研究的目的是评估测量系统的一致性。差异分为两类…再现性是分析操作者与操作者的差异…重复性是分析测量系统中其它因素差异。6WHATISVARIANCEERROR?什么是方差误差VarianceError(s2)=Accuratebutnotprecise方差误差(s2)=准确但不精确BiasError(m)=Precisebutnotaccurate偏移误差(m)=精确但不准确LittleError=Preciseandaccurate小误差=精确且准确-3-2-10123-6-4-20246Varianceisrelatedtothespreadofthemeasurementsfromtheactualvalue.Averagethemandyouwillfindtheyareontarget,buttheindividualmeasurementscouldbeallovertheplace.方差与测量值在真值周围分布的情况有关。平均值是正确的情况下，每个单独的测量值可能散布在所有区间。7MEASUREMENTSYSTEMERROR测量系统误差MeasurementSystemVariance测量系统误差MeasuredVariance=ActualVariance+SystemVariance测量方差=真值方差+系统方差s2measured=s2actual+s2errors2error=s2repeatibility+s2reproducibilityVarianceErrorTool=R&RStudy方差误差工具=再现性&重复性研究-3-2-10123Variance=Spread(s)Increased方差=附加的分布VarianceerrorisafunctionofReproducibility(Operatorinfluencedvariance)andRepeatability(Measurementsysteminfluencedvariance)方差误差是由再现性(操作者影响方差)和重复性(测量系统影响方差)组成的函数8R&RSTUDY–REPRODUCIBILITY再现性和重复性研究-再现性-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012LSLReproducibilityisthevariationinmeasurementsobtainedwithonemeasurementinstrumentwhenusedbydifferentappraiserswhilemeasuringtheidenticalcharacteristiconthesamepart.再现性是指由不同评价者使用同一测量工具测量同一物件同一特性时得到的值间的差异。mOperator操作者#1ActualValue真值MOperator操作者#2OperatorVariance=Reproducibility操作者差异=再现性Reproducibility=OperatortoOperatorvariation...再现性=操作者和操作者间的差异mOperator操作者#39R&RSTUDY–REPEATABILITY再现性和重复性研究-重复性-6-5-4-3-2-10123456ActualValue真值Repeatabilityisthevariationinmeasurementsobtainedwithonemeasurementinstrumentwhenusedseveraltimesbyoneappraiserwhilemeasuringtheidenticalcharacteristiconthesamepart.重复性是同一评价者使用同一测量工具多次测量同一物件同一特性得到的值的差异MeasuredValues测量值Repeatability=Remainingmeasurementsystemvariation...重复性=测量系统中其他因素的差异10TYPESOFR&RSTUDIES再现性和重复性研究的类型DefectcountorGo/NoGoMeasurementSystems缺陷计数或者通/止测量系统ContinuousData(VariableData)MeasurementSystems连续分布数据(可变数据)测量系统R&RSTUDY再现性和重复性研究VARIABLER&RSTUDY定量测量再现性和重复性研究ATTRIBUTER&RSTUDY定性测量再现性和重复性研究Examples举例VisualDefects目视缺陷OrderErrors指令错误TypographicErrors印刷错误InventoryCounts清单计数SoftwareErrors软件错误AttributeGages特性检具MisplacedComponents零件错装Examples举例DimensionalMeasures几何尺寸测量PlatingThickness电镀厚度TurnedDiameter倒角直径MaterialHardness材料硬度VoltageOutput输出电压Milesperhour英里每小时11GuidelinesForGaugeR&R检具再现性和重复性要点Atleasttwo,butpreferablythreeormoreoperators至少2位，3位或以上操作者为佳Atleast10unitstomeasure(variable)至少测量10件(定量测量)30unitstomeasure(attribute)至少测量30件(定性测量)Eachunitismeasured3timesbyeachoperator每件由每个操作者测量3次Theequipmentmusthaveadequatediscriminatingpower(resolution)设备必须有适当的辨别能力(分辨率)ThereshouldbyaGaugeR&Rstrategyforqualifyingnewoperatorsandnewequipment需要有针对新的操作者和新的设备的量检具再现性和重复性策略。12R&RSTUDYPREPARATIONCHECKLISTR&R研究准备工作检查列表Check检查CONDITION条件DeterminethescopeandbreadthoftheR&Rstudy.确定R&R研究的范围和深度DeterminethepurposeofperformingtheR&Randdevelopyourplanaccordingly.确定R&R研究的目的，并制定相应计划Considerthecostandtimerequiredforthetestingindeterminingthesamplesizeandnumberoftestersetc.考虑所需的成本和时间来确定样本范围和数量。Completeacalibrationstudyonthemeasurementsystemtodetermineifthereareanybias,linearityorstabilityissueswiththesystem.完成测量系统的校准研究来确认是否有系统偏差，线性或稳定性问题。Ensurethatthereislittlechancethatthepartorpropertybeingmeasuredisnotalteredordestroyedbytheactofmeasurementbythesystem.确定被测物品是否能不因为检测而被系统改变或毁坏。Determinethenumberofappraisers,thenumberofsamplepartsandthenumberofrepeatreadi