经济学原理对应练习 10

389Chapter10ExternalitiesMultipleChoice1.Inamarketeconomy,governmentinterventiona.willalwaysimprovemarketoutcomes.b.reducesefficiencyinthepresenceofexternalities.c.mayimprovemarketoutcomesinthepresenceofexternalities.d.isnecessarytocontrolindividualgreed.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Applicative2.Intheabsenceofexternalities,theinvisiblehandleadsamarkettomaximizea.producerprofitfromthatmarket.b.totalbenefittosocietyfromthatmarket.c.bothequityandefficiencyinthatmarket.d.outputofgoodsorservicesinthatmarket.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Applicative3.Oneadvantagemarketeconomieshaveoverothertypesofeconomiesisthatmarketeconomiesa.provideanequaldistributionofgoodsandservicestoconsumers.b.establishgovernmenteconomiccontrol.c.solvetheproblemofscarcity.d.aremoreefficient.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Applicative4.Thetermmarketfailurereferstoa.amarketthatfailstoallocateresourcesefficiently.b.anunsuccessfuladvertisingcampaignwhichreducesdemand.c.ruthlesscompetitionamongfirms.d.afirmthatisforcedoutofbusinessbecauseoflosses.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Definitional5.Marketfailurecanbecausedbya.toomuchcompetition.b.externalities.c.lowconsumerdemand.d.scarcity.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Interpretive6.Anexternalityistheimpactofa.society'sdecisionsonthewell-beingofsociety.b.aperson'sactionsonthatperson'swell-being.c.oneperson'sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander.d.society'sdecisionsonthepoorestpersoninthesociety.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Definitional7.Theimpactofoneperson'sactionsonthewell-beingofabystanderiscalleda.aneconomicdilemma.b.deadweightloss.c.amulti-partyproblem.d.anexternality.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Applicative390Chapter10/Externalities8.Anexternalitya.isatypeofmarketfailure.b.causesmarketstoallocateresourcesefficiently.c.strengthenstheroleofthe“invisiblehand”inthemarketplace.d.affectsproducersbutnotconsumers.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Interpretive9.Dogownersdonotbearthefullcostofthenoisetheirbarkingdogscreateandoftentaketoofewprecautionstopreventtheirdogsfrombarking.Localgovernmentsaddressthisproblembya.makingitillegaltodisturbthepeace.b.havingawell-fundedanimalcontroldepartment.c.subsidizinglocalanimalshelters.d.encouragingpeopletoadoptcats.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Applicative10.Anexternalityisa.thecoststhatpartiesincurintheprocessofagreeingandfollowingthroughonabargain.b.theuncompensatedimpactofoneperson'sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander.c.thepropositionthatprivatepartiescanbargainwithoutcostovertheallocationofresources.d.amarketequilibriumtax.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Definitional11.Anexternalityisanexampleofa.acorrectivetax.b.atradablepollutionpermit.c.amarketfailure.d.Bothaandbarecorrect.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Applicative12.Anexternalityexistswhenevera.theeconomycanbenefitfromgovernmentintervention.b.marketsarenotabletoreachequilibrium.c.afirmsellsitsproductinaforeignmarket.d.apersonengagesinanactivitythatinfluencesthewell-beingofabystanderandyetneitherpaysnorreceivespaymentforthateffect.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:2REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Definitional13.Whenexternalitiesarepresentinamarket,thewell-beingofmarketparticipantsa.andmarketbystandersarebothdirectlyaffected.b.andmarketbystandersarebothindirectlyaffected.c.isdirectlyaffected,andmarketbystandersareindirectlyaffected.d.isindirectlyaffected,andmarketbystandersaredirectlyaffected.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:2REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Analytical14.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutawell-maintainedyardbestconveysthegeneralnatureoftheexternality?a.Awell-maintainedyardconveysapositiveexternalitybecauseitincreasesthehome'smarketvalue.b.Awell-maintainedyardconveysanegativeexternalitybecauseitincreasesthepropertytaxliabilityoftheowner.c.Awell-maintainedyardconveysapositiveexternalitybecauseitincreasesthevalueofadjacentpropertiesintheneighborhood.d.Awell-maintainedyardcannotprovideanytypeofexternality.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:2REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:ApplicativeChapter10/Externalities39115.Sincerestoredhistoricbuildingsconveyapositiveexternality,localgovernmentsmaychoosetoa.regulationthedemolitionofthem.b.providetaxbreakstoownerswhorestorethem.c.increasepropertytaxesinhistoricareas.d.Bothaandbarecorrect.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:2REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Applicative16.Externalitiesa.causemarketstofailtoallocateresourcesefficiently.b.causeequilibriumpricestobetoohigh.c.benefitproducersattheexpenseofconsumers.d.causeequilibriumpricestobetoolow.ANS:APTS:1DIF:2REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Applicative17.Whenexternalitiesexist,buyersandsellersa.neglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,butthemarketequilibriumisstillefficient.b.donotneglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisefficient.c.neglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisnotefficient.d.donotneglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisnotefficient.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:2REF:10-0TOP:ExternalitiesMSC:Appli