2汉语的限定与非限定研究_李京廉

汉语的限定与非限定研究¹李京廉刘娟(,100081;,100054)[];;[],,,,/()0/(,)0/(,)0,,[]H146.3[]A[]1003-7365(2005)01-0019-06k0(finiteness)(non-finiteness),(JamesHuang1982),(AudreyLi1985,1990)(2001),,,(1985)(1985-1986,1986,1994,1999)(YanHuang1992a,1992b,1994,2000)(2001),k1,,(1982,1984,1987,1989),(tense),,(modalverb)(aspectualmarker):,:/0/0,,,;/0/0,,:¹a.[PRO]*b.[PRO]/0,¹a,,/0,¹b,¹b/0/0,/0,º:º[]º,/0,/0,19200521ChineseLanguageLearningFeb.,2005No.1¹(2004123-5),,56,:»a.[PRO]*b.[PRO],»a/0,,»b,/0/0,,,¹b,¹b,,/0,,/0/0,¹b,/0/0,,(1985):¼[],,¼,,,/0,,»b,,/0,/0,(1985),:½[],,/0,,,½,/0/0,,,,»b,/0/0,/0,/0,,:¾[PRO],(1980),½/0,/0/0,½¿:¿[],½/0,,½(1992a,1992b):Àa.Éb.ÉÁa.Éb.ÉÂa.Éb.É,,À-Âa,,ÀbÁb/0,Âb/0,,(1985,1990),Tsang(1981),/0/0,/0/0:,:lv*a./[]b.[],lva//0,,/0,lvb/0,,/0,:lw[],,lw/020200521Feb.,2005No.1,,lwlx:lx[],lw:,(1985-1986,1994),,:ly[],,/0/0,,,ly/0,,lw,lwlx,lwlx:lza.,*b.,,(1994),:l{,,,/0,,,:l|a.*b.l|a/0,l|b,l|a,,/0,(2001),,,,,,,(1995),,,,,:,,,,))),/0/0,,,/0/0,,:l}a.b.c.l~a.*b.*c.*d.mua.b.c.mv*a.*b.*c.,l},/0,/0/0,l~a,/0,,/0/0,,l~bl~cl~dmu,/0,,/0/0,,/0,,/0/0,,mvamvbmvc,21200521ChineseLanguageLearningFeb.,2005No.1,:mwa.b.c.mxa.*b./*c.,mw,/0,,/0/0,mx,/0,/0/0,/0,(1999)/0:,:mymz,,mymz,,,/0(/,,0/,,0),,,,,k2(1985-1986,1994,1999)(1992a,1992b)(2001),,,,,:,,;,;,,(2003),,,,,,,k3,,,(1990,1995,2004),,/()0/(,)0/(,)0/0/0/0,(dynamicverbphrase)(staticverbphrase),,,/()0/(,)0/(,)0,,,:m{m|a.b.c.m}*a.*b.*c.m{,/0/0/0/0,m|,,/0,m},:m~nua.b.c.22200521Feb.,2005No.1nv*a.*b.*c.m~,/0/0/0/0,nu,,(VP2),nv,:nwnxa.b.c.ny*a.*b.*c.nw,/()0/0/0/0,nx,,/0,ny,:nzn{a._b.bc.c.n|*a.*b.*bc.*c.nz,/0/0/0,n{an{c,/0,,,n{b,n{bc,nz,,n|;nz/0k4,,,,,(1996)PRO,,/()0/(,)0/(,)0,,:[1].[J].,1992a,(5).[2].[J].,2003,(1).[3].[M].:,1999.[4].[J].,1995,(1).[5].[J].,2001,(2).[6].[M].,1990.[7].[M].:,1995.[8].[M].:,2004.[9].[J].,1994,(5).[10].[A].)))[C].,1999.[11].[M].:,1985.[12]Hu,Jianhua,HaihuaPanandLiejiongXu.IsthereaFinitevs.NonfiniteDistinctioninChinese?[J].Linguis-tics,2001,(39).[13]Huang,C.-T.James.LogicalRelationsinChineseandtheTheoryofGrammar[M].Ph.D.DissertationatMIT,23200521ChineseLanguageLearningFeb.,2005No.11982.[14]Huang,C.-T.James.OntheDistributionandReferenceofEmptyPronouns[J].LinguisticInquiry,1984,(15).[15]Huang,C.-T.James.RemarksonEmptyCategoriesinChinese[J].LinguisticInquiry,1987,(18).[16]Huang,C.-T.James.Pro-DropinChinese.AGeneralizedControlTheory[A].OsvaldoJaeggliandKennethSafir(eds.).TheNullSubjectParameter[C].Dordrecht:Kluwer,1989.[17]Huang,C-T.JamesandYen-huiAudreyLi.RecentGenerativeStudiesinChineseSyntax[A].C.-T.JamesHuangandYen-huiAudreyLi(eds.).NewHorizonsinChineseLinguistics[C].Dordrecht:Kluwer,1996.[18]Huang,Yan.AgainstChomsky.sTypologyofEmptyCategories[J].JournalofPragmatics,1992b,(17).[19]Huang,Yan.TheSyntaxandPragmaticsofAnaphora:AStudywithSpecialReferencetoChinese[M].Cam-bridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1994.[20]Huang,Yan.Anaphora:ACross-LinguisticApproach[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2000.[21]Li,Yafei.PronominalECsandControlTheory[M].MAThesis,ShandongUniversity,1985.[22]Li,Yen-huiAudrey.AbstractCaseinChinese[M].Ph.D.DissertationofUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,1985.[23]Li,Yen-huiAudrey.OrderandConstituencyinMandarinChinese[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer,1990.[24]Tsang,Chu-ilim.ASemanticStudyofModalAuxiliaryVerbsinChinese[M].Ph.D.DissertationofStanfordUn-iversity,1981.[25]Xu,Liejiong.TowardsaLexica-lThematicTheoryofControl[J].LinguisticReview,1985-1986,(5).[26]Xu,Liejiong.FreeEmptyCategory.LinguisticInquiry,1986,(17).OntheDistinctionbetweenFinitenessandNon-finitenessinChineseLIJing-lian&LIUJuan(DepartmentofForeignLanguage,BeijingUniversityofScienceandEngineering100081)Keywords:Chinesegrammar;finiteness;non-finitenessAbstract:Thispaperintendstomakeatentativestudyonthedistinctionbetweenfinitenessandnon-finitenessinChinese.ThepaperarguesthatalthoughChinesedoesnothaveovertmorphology,itstilldistinguishesfinitenessfromnon-finitenessbylexicaldevices.Basedonthis,thispaperputsforwardacriteriontoindicatethefinitevs.non-finitenessdistinctioninChinese,e.g.,theclausesthatcanbemodifiedbythetimeadverbials/yijing(yi)0,/zhengzai(zheng,zai)0and/jiangyao(jiang,yao)0arefinite,whereastheclausesthatcannotbemodifiedbythesetimeadverbialsarenon-finite.Inaccordancewiththiscriterion,thispaperconcludesthatthefinitevs.non-finitedistinctioninCh-inesecanbemarkedinthefourChineseconstructions,thatis,thepivotalconstruction,theverbalcomplementconstruction,theverbalsubjectconstructionandtheverbserialconstruction.24200521Feb.,2005No.1