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2000323EngineeringScienceMar12000Vol12No13[]1999-09-13;1999-09-24[](1929-),,,(,471039)[]???,,21,,2200,,18003,21,,(4),50,,[];;11111,,[1],1,,,112,:a1;b1;c1,,,,2,11Fig11TheunearthedgearfromShanxiinChina,madeofbronze,,,,2,1;21113111311,,,,,,,;,,,,:;;;11312,,,,,,,2,,,,,?,2,,,1,1142114111,,,1,22Fig12Themodelofwater2millforgrindinggrain11412:29,,250,,222001800,,,2,12112a.,,;b.,;c.;,221;d.2122(3),,,2,IFTOMM(Dudley),,20023,(235),,,,,,3,,;,,,(),,();(),(),;(),,,,,,:a.,;b.;,;c.,332003,1800,,,200,,3,23Fig13Southpointingchariot11213141516171819133:311[2],,,,3,,31111,,,,,31112,,,,,()()31113,,31114,:a.();b.;c.;d.;e.;f.;g.;h.;i.;j.(),,,5:a.();b.;c.;d.;e.312,105,,,:,31211,,,,,4:a.,,;b.,,;c.,312121,,;,;,,,;,1Table1Thetypeandcharacteristicsofmodificationofgearsa=mZmin-d=mZ---d=d-=-S=p/2(x0)(x0)1.52Z1ZminZmZminZmZminZmZmin:,,-,Zm=0.5(Z1+Z2)3121324,,,,(42)2Table2Thecomparisonofcomprehensiveloadcapacitybetweenironandsteel54321321HRC62HRC58HVb300HVb200411,;,;,;,,4412,,,[3],(30%),(50%)(2dB)(1/3),3u=37/31237/337/4,44,u=37/337/4Fig14Thenew2typenon2zeromodificationtoothsystem,gearratioN/n=37/3and37/4413,(CBN),,,5420002050,(3)51121,,,,,,4512,,:5131)2),3)CNC2090,6,(5)4)a.;b.;c.;d.53:5Fig15ThePHOENIXN.C,bevel2gearmachine2toolmadeofGleasonWorksinU.S.A.[1],,121[A]1[C]1:,19981185198[2],,1[J]1,1995,6(3):2527[3],,1[J]11997,8(1):97101InnovationandTrendofGears2TechnologyLiangGuiming(LuoyangInstituteofTechnology,Luoyang471039,China)[Abstract]Howweretheearliestgearsinvented?Wherewerethesourcesandusesoftheearliestgears?Itisthemysteryformentounravelinacentury.Thismysteryseemssolublebyunearthedgearsorbyun2seaedgearswhichwerediscoveredfromChina,lndia.Greece,RomeandEgyptin2000yearsago.Butthesegearsmadeofbronzeorcast2ironaremere2nd2generationgears.The1st2generationgearsmadeofwooden.Theinventionof1stgenerationgearswouldbeaccompaniedwithwatermachinewatermillforgrindinggrain.Inancient2civilizationcountriespeoplelivedtogetheralongriversorsea2side4000yearsago.Theycameintocontactwithwater.TheSouth2PointingChariotisauniqueChineseinventionbefore200B.C.Itisthe1stsetofdifferentialmechanismintheworld,the1stself2controlmachineandthe1strobotma2chineintheworld.Itistheessenceof2nd2generationgears.The3rd2generationgearismadeofsteel.Thismoderngearsbeganatindustry2revolutiionin1800.Thecharacteristicsareusingcutterwithstraight2edgetogeneratinvoluteprofilegearsbymassproduction.The4th2generationgearwillbecoexistingwithknowledge2economics.Creatingthenewhigh2strengthcompositematerialsandplasticstosubstitudeforsteel,ofwhichtheresourcesisgettingshorten,willmarkthebeginningofthe4th2generationgears.Thetrendofinnovationofgearsinthecoming50yearswillbeseekingminiaturization,puificationandquietness,developinghigh2reliability,high2capacity,high2velocityandlow2consumptionofmaterial,energyandweight.[Keywords]gears;innovation;trend62