_MAX相陶瓷的制备、结构、性能及发展趋势

2013－08－191984。[e-mail]··MAX、、121111000762110016MAX、。MAXPreparationStructuralFeatruresPropertiesandProspectiveofMAXPhasesZhengLiya12ZhouYanchun1FengZhihai11ScienceandTechnologyonAdvancedFunctionalCompositesLaboratoryAerospaceＲesearchInstituteofMaterials＆ProcessingTechnologyBeijing1000762InstituteofMetalＲesearchChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016AbstractThestructuralcharacteristicpreparationmethodsandmechanicalpropertiesandoxidationresistanceoftheternarylayeredceramicscalledMAXphasesareintroducedinthispaper．MethodsforimprovingthemechanicalpropertiesandhightemperatueoxidationresistanceofMAXphasesarediscussed．Finallyfurthertrendforthedevel-opmentandapplicationsofthiskindofceramicsareproposed．KeywordsMAXPhasesTernaryLayeredCeramicsMechanicalpropertiesOxidationＲesistance02060Nowotny1“H－”“Hgg”。Ti3SiC22、Ti3GeC23Ti3AlC24。2000Barsoum5“Mn+1AXn”MAXMAXCN。M、A、X1。、、/、、。。MAX。MAX、、1Mn+1AXnFig．1LocationsoftheMn+1AXnphaseformingelementsintheperiodictable1MAXMAXP63/mmcMn+1Xn—1—http//．yhclgy．com20136Ac。nMXMAXM2AX211、M3AX2312M4AX3413。M2AXMXAM3AX2MXA2MAX。2Mn+1AXnFig．2CrystalstructureoftypicalMn+1AXnphasesTEMZSTEMMAX3Ta2AlCTa4AlC312－10Z6－7。Ta2AlCTaAlTa4AlC3TaAl。MAX48。3Ta2AlC、Ta4AlC312－10Z6－7Fig．3High-resolutionZ-contrastSTEMimageandFFTfilteredimageviewedalongthe12－10directionofTa2AlCandTa4AlC34Ti3SiC2、8Fig．4Crystalgrainsgrowingintheporesthebowedandkinkedlaminatesandtheplate-shapedgrainsofTi3SiC28—2—http//．yhclgy．com201364aTi3SiC24bMAX4c。MAX9－12M－XM－AM－M。Ti3SiC2135。Ti3SiC2。Ti3SiC2TiCTi－C－Ti－C－TiTi3SiC2Ti－C－Ti－C－TiSi0001Barsoum2000#561。5Ti3SiC2112－013Fig．5Bandstructureanddistributionofchargedensityon112－0planeofTi3SiC213MAXMXMXAAMXAlMAXAlMXMAX。2MAXMAX1MAXM2AX5014。M3AX2M4AX378。M3AX2Ti3AlC24、V3AlC2f15、V0．5Cr0．53AlC216、Ta3Al0．6Sn0．4C217、Ti3SiC22、Ti3GeC23Ti3SnC218M4AX3Ti4AlN319、α－Ta4AlC317、β－Ta4AlC37、Nb4AlC320、V4AlC321－22、Ti4SiC3f23、Ti4GaC324Ti4GeC3f25。TEMMAXMXM6AX5Ta6AlC56M7AX6Ti7SnC626。Zheng27Ti0．5Nb0．55AlC4MAXM5AX4。Mn+1AXnMXMAX。…211|312|211|312……312|413|312|413…Ti5Al2C328、V0．5Cr0．55Al2C316、Ti5Si2C3f23、Ti5Ge2C3f25、Ti7Si2C5f23Ti7Ge2C5f25。MAXMX—3—http//．yhclgy．com20136M－XMXMAXMAX。1MAX1Tab．1FamilymembersoftheMAXphasesdiscoveredsoforM2AX211M3AX2312M4AX3413M5AX4514M5A2X3523AlGeNb2InCAlAlAlAlTi2AlCTi2GeCHf2InCTi3AlC2Ti4AlN3Ti0．5Nb0．55AlC4Ti5Al2C3V2AlCV2GeCTi2InNV3AlC2fα－Ta4AlC3V0．5Cr0．55Al2C3Cr2AlCCr2GeCZr2InNV0．5Cr0．53AlC2β－Ta4AlC3SiNb2AlCPTlTa3Al0．6Sn0．4C2Nb4AlC3Ti5Si2C3fTa2AlCV2PCTi2TlCSiV4AlC3M6AX5615GeTi2AlNNb2PCZr2TlCTi3SiC2SiAlTi5Ge2C3fTi2AlCAsHf2TlCGeTi4SiC3fTa6AlC5Ti2AlCV2AsCZr2TlNTi3GeC2GaGaNb2AsCSnSnTi4GaC3Ti2GaCSTi2SnCTi3SnC2GeM7A2X5725V2GaCTi2SCZr2SnCTi4GeC3fM7AX6716SiCr2GaCZr2SCNb2SnCSnTi7Si2C5fNb2GaCNb2SC0．4Hf2SnCTi7SnC6GeMo2GaCHf2SCHf2SnNTi7Ge2C5fTa2GaCInPbTi2GaNSc2InCTi2PbCCr2GaNTi2InCZr2PbCV2GaNZr2InCHf2PbC1f。3MAXMAX。Ti3SiC2、。3．1Ti3SiC2Ｒacault29Ti∶Si∶C=0．42∶0.29∶0.291100℃10hTi3SiC2、TiSi2TiC。HFTiSi2450℃10hTi3SiC2TiO2。100℃H2SO4NH42SO4TiO295mol%Ti3SiC2。Huang30Ti∶Ti5Si3∶CNT=4∶1∶6Al2O3Ar、1330℃TiTi5Si32hTi3SiC2。Yang31－33Ti、SiTiC、Ti3SiC2。Ti∶Si∶TiC=1∶1．10∶21∶1．15∶21250～1300℃2h99.9wt%Ti3SiC2。Yang34－35SiCTiTiH2ArTi3SiC2。3．2Ti3SiC2Barsoum36Ti∶C∶SiC=3∶2∶1180MPa1600℃、40MPa4h。ZhangTi/TiSi2/TiC37、Ti/SiC/TiC38、Ti/Si/TiC39、Ti/SiC/C40Ti/Si/C41Ti3SiC2、。Ti∶TiSi2∶TiC=1∶1∶41300℃15min93wt%Ti3SiC299%。Zou42TiH2∶SiC∶C=2．8∶1∶0．81—4—http//．yhclgy．com20136400℃20hTi3SiC2。Gao43Ti∶Si∶TiC=1∶1∶21250～1300℃Ti3SiC22wt%TiCx。Zhou44Ti∶Si∶C=0．42∶0．23∶0.351550℃、Ar93wt%Ti3SiC2。AlSiTiCTi3SiAlC245。Arunajatesan46Ti、SiC－Ti3SiC2、。Ti3SiC298vol%2vol%TiC。Lis47Ti、SiTi3SiC2。200MPa1400℃82vol%Ti3SiC2。Feng48Ti、Si1525℃2h≤2mol%Ti3SiC2。Li49Ti∶Si∶C=3∶1．75∶21450℃4h93vol%Ti3SiC2。Tang50Ti、SiC5wt%B2O31300℃83vol%Ti3SiC2。Hwang51Shan52SiTi3SiC2。3．3Ti3SiC2Palmquist53MgOTiCTi3SiC2Ti3SiC2Ti、SiC60Ti3SiC2。Eklund54Ti3SiC2Ti3SiC2Ti4SiC3。Nickl55TiCl4、SiCl4、CCl4H2、TaTi3SiC2。1273～1573K105Pa。Goto56TiCl4、SiCl4、CCl4H2、1300℃、200μm/hTi3SiC2。MAXTi3SiC2。4MAXMAXMAX。MAX、MAX。4．1MAXMAX、。M－XMXA。2～4M2AX、M3AX2M4AX3。MAX。MAXMX。Nb－Al－CNb4AlC3、214GPa、306GPa127GPaNb2AlC29．7%、7．0%8.5%。MXMAX。2M2AXTab．2MechanicalpropertiesoftypicalM2AXphasesMAXphasesVickershardness/GPabulkmodulus/GPaYoung’smodulus/GPashearmodulus/GPaflexuralstrength/MPacompressivestrength/MPafracturetoughness/MPa·m1/2Ti2AlC57－592．810N1402781192755406．5Ti2AlN5860－614．310N169286124371381612－Nb2AlC62－636．110N165286117413－－Cr2AlC63－675．510N1382262882451054831159997－Ta2AlC68－694．450N2512921213608047．7V2AlC63701．9～2．9100N15228322711661～289393～7423．7～5．7—5—http//．yhclgy．com201363M3AX2Tab．3MechanicalpropertiesoftypicalM3AX2phasesMAXphasesVickershardness/GPabulkmodulus/GPaYoung’smodulus/GPashearmodulus/GPaflexuralstrength/MPacompressivestrength/MPafracturetoughness/MPa·m1/2Ti3AlC21271－722．710N3．5300N1602971243403755407647．2Ti3SiC24473－754．0100N1793221344399007．5Ti3GeC259762．210N1743471452171277467－4M4AX3Tab．4MechanicalpropertiesoftypicalM4AX3phasesMAXphasesVickershardness/GPabulkmodulus/GPaYoung’smodulus/GPashearmodulus/GPaflexuralstrength/MPashearstrength/MPacompressivestrength/MPafracturetoughness/MPa·m1/2Nb4AlC377－782．6