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Lesson-1-Pub-Talk-and-the-King's-EnglishLearningAims：1.Toknowhowtomakeagoodconversation;2.TotracethehistoryoftheKing’sEnglish;3.Importantwordsandphrases;paraphraseandtranslation.4.Tolearnthemethodsindevelopinganexpositorywriting,eg:comparisonandcontrast;theuseofexamples;5.Toappreciatethelanguagefeatures.1.Theauthor1.Backgroundinformation2.ThehistoryofEnglish3.OfNormanconquest1.1HenryFairlie(1924London-1990Washington,D.C.)aBritishpoliticaljournalistandsocialcritic；Hespent36yearsasaprominentfreelancewriter,appearinginTheSpectator（inLondon）,TheNewRepublic,TheWashingtonPost,TheNewYorker,andmanyotherpapersandmagazines.1.2ThehistoryofEnglishTheOldEnglish/Anglo-SaxonEnglish(449-1066);TheMiddleEnglish/French-influencedEnglish(1066-1500)ThemodernEnglish(1500-thepresent):EarlymodernEnglish(1500-1800)LatemodernEnglish(1800-thepresent)1.2ThehistoryofEnglishTheOldEnglish:In449,theAngles,Saxon,andJutesfromNorthwestofGermanyconqueredthemostpartofEngland.TheMiddleEnglish:In1066WilliamtheConqueror,theDukeofNormandy,invadedandconqueredEngland.(TheNormanConquest)Inthe14thcenturyEnglishbecamedominantinBritainagain,butwithmanyFrenchwordsadded.EarlymodernEnglish(1500-1800):ManyLatinandGreekwordsandphrasesenteredthelanguageduringRenaissance.Spellingandgrammarbecamefixed,andthedialectofLondonbecamethestandard.In1604thefirstEnglishdictionarywaspublished.LateModernEnglish(1800-Present):TheEnglishcolonizationofdifferentcountriesresultedinthecreationofavarietyofEnglish:AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglish,NewZealandEnglish,CanadianEnglish,SouthAfricanEnglishandIndianEnglish.Lateron,somewordsfromscienceandtechnologyandwordsfromothercountriesalsoaddtomodernEnglish.1.3Normanconquest1.ReasonsforWilliam’sinvasionofEnglandafterEdward’sdeath:takingthethronepromisedbyEdward.2.Consequence:HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.NormansdominatesoverSaxonswithsupremacyineveryfields,eg.language,wherethelowerclassesspokeEnglishandtheupperclassesspokeFrench.2.StructureanalysisTheliterarystyle?Maincontent?Whatisapubandpubtalk？2.1Understandingthetitle:PubTalkandtheKing'sEnglishRelationship?AndtheKing'sEnglishorQueen’sEnglish?ThetexttalksaboutwhatmakesgoodconversationbyusingtheKing’sEnglishasanaccidentalconversationtopic.No.Theartofgoodconversation2.2Theliterarystyle?Exposition:Toillustrateorexplainthesubjectbymethodsofgivingexamples,definition,orclassification,causeandeffect,comparisonandcontrast…Thistextpassesfromageneraldiscourseongoodconversationtoaparticularinstancesofit,andendsupwithemphasisonwhatruinsallconversation.2.3Structure•PartIII:•Thewriterresumedtothetopicofhowtomakeagoodconversation.PartI:Whatisandwhatmakesagoodconversation.PartIII:Para.18-21PartII:Para.4-11,Para.12-17PartI:Para.1-3•PartII:•Thetopic“theking’sEnglish”wasdiscussedunawaresduringapubtalk.•Studyorreflectionsdoneabouttheking’sorqueen’sEnglish.3.DetailedstudyofthetextParaphrase&translationWords&phrasesRhetoric3.1PartI:(Para1-3)1.Words&phrases.2.Task-basedactivity:1)Whatmakesagoodconversation,accordingtothewriter?2)Doesagoodconversationneedafocalsubjecttotalkabout?3)Whydoesthewriterlike“barconversation”somuch?•1.Agoodconversationdoesnotreallystartfromanywhere,andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgo.Agoodconversationisnotformakingapoint.Argumentmayoftenbeapartofit,butthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.Whenpeoplebecomeseriousandtalkasiftheyhavesomethingveryimportanttosay,whentheyarguetoconvinceortowintheirpoint,theconversationisspoilt.•2.No.Conversationdoesnotneedafocus.Butwhenafocalsubjectappearsinthenaturalflowofconversation,theconversationbecomesvivid,livelyandmoreinteresting.•3.Thewriterlikesbarconversationverymuchbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinpubsandisusedtothiskindofconversation.Barfriendsarecompanions,notintimates.Theyarefriendsbutnotintimateenoughtobecuriousabouteachother'sprivatelifeandthoughts.3.1PartI:(Para1-3)3.Paraphrasesortranslationforsentences:Para1：1)Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.Paraphrase:Morethananyotherhumanactivity,conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeable,pleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople.Thissentenceisthethesisstatementofthetextwhichtalksaboutthecharmofconversation.3.1PartI:(Para1-3)(Para.2)2）Thecharmofconversationisthatitdoesnotreallystartfromanywhere,andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparklesorjustglows.Metaphors.Translation:闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。•…noonehasanyideawhereitwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparklesorjustglows.•Metaphors.ConversationAstreamorriverwhichmeandersandleapsFirewhichglowsandsparksTomoveaimlesslyandrandomTobecomelivelyandexciting3.1PartI:(Para1-3)(Para.2)3)Theenemyofgoodconversation…“hassomethingtosay”.Paraphrase:Goodconversationisgenerallyspoiledbypeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay.4)Conversationisnotformakingapoint:Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview.3.1PartI:(Para1-3)(Para.3)5)Thefactthattheirmarriagesmaybeontherocks,orthattheirloveaffairshaveb