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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1.主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。可以由名词（短语），代词（短语），动名词（短语），数词(短语)，非谓语动词（todo/doing),主语从句充当。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Fiveandfourisnine.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2.谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。可以由动词或动词短语充当，或由系动词+表语充当。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.Thepolicewilllookintothecase.（复合谓语）Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Heiscookinginthekitchen.Shecalledmelastnight.Tomcanswim.3.表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。可以又名词(短语)，代词（短语），数词（短语），介词短语，副词（短语），非谓语动词和从句充当。Heisateacher.（名词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Herdreamistobealawyer.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有全系动词be;表感官的系动词sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）;表保持的系动词remain（保持，仍是）,keep,stay;表变化的系动词turn,get,become,go;表终止的系动词turnout(结果是，被证明是)，prove被证明是。Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.Treesturngreeninspring.Herplanturnsoutasuccess.4.宾语：可以由名词(短语)，代词(短语)，数词(短语)，动名词(doing),不定式(todo)和宾语从句充当。1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravelinginChina.Hespentfivedollarsonthisbook.Shegoestoschoolonfoot.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.Pleaseshowmeyourticket.Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputer.常见的双宾语及物动词：give,show,teach,lend,send,tell,buy等。5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式(todo)，现在分词(doing)，过去分词(done)充当。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）6.主补：对主语的补充。(注：主动语态中的宾语补足语就是被动语态中的主语补足语)Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。可以由名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词（短语），介词短语，现在分词，过去分词，不定式和定语从句充当。Tomisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewantstoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。可以由形容词，名词，副词，介词短语和句子充当。Iwillgotheretomorrow.(there地点状语;tomorrow时间状语)Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.(地点状语)Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.（原因状语）HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.（hard程度状语；tolearn...目的状语）Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.（hard程度状语;sothat结果状语）Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.（程度状语）Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.（条件状语）Hegoestoschoolbybike.（方式状语）Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（让步状语）9.同位语(apposition)：补充说明或解释其前面的名词或代词。可以由名词(短语)，反身代词和从句充当。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.（名词）YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.（名词）HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.（反身代词）Imyselfagreetotheplan.（反身代词）Thenewsthathewonthematchexcitedhisparents.（从句）Wordhascomethatmorehighschoolgraduatewillbeadmittedintocollege.（从句）综合练习（一）找出下列句子的主语，同时判断其结构：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.7.Toteachhisalessonseemsquitenecessary.8.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.9.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.10.Thathewontheprizeexitedeveryone.（二）找出下列句子的谓语，同时判断其结构：1.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.3.Hehascaughtabadcold.4.Wearestudents.5.Yououghttoworkharder.6.Tomlosthiswatchyesterday.（三）找出下列句子的表语，同时判断其结构：1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Theweatherhasturnedcold.3.Thefoodtastesgood.4.Shelookedsadafterhearingthenews.5.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.6.Thewholeclassgotexitedatthegoodnews.（四）找出下列句子的宾语，同时判断其结构：1.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.2.Tomlikesswimming.3.Hepretendednottoseeme.4.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.5.Ifinditimpossibletobelievehimanylonger.6.Theybelieveitstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.（五）找出下列句子的宾语补足语，同时判断其结构：1.HisfathernamedhimJohn.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.4.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.5.Isawhimenterthelibrary.6.Don’tleavethewaterrunning.7.Ifoundhimoutlastnight.（六）找出下列句子的定语，同时判断其结构：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.3.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.4.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.5.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.6.Heisthemanwhosavedyourlife.（七）找出下列句子的状语，同时判断其结构：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisintheroommakinga