世界航天史英文简介

SpaceExplorationSatelliteHumangetintospaceandDeepspaceexploration（深空探测）Spacestation（空间站）Spaceshuttle（航天飞机）SatelliteSovietUnionSputnik14.October1957（firstartificialsatellite）AmericaExplorer131.January1958FranceAstérix26.November1965JapanOsumi11.February1970ChinaDongfanghongⅠ4.April1970UKProsperoX-328.October1971EuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)欧洲空间局CAT-124.December1979IndiaRohini118.July1980HumanGetintoSpaceRussiathefirsthumanspaceflight(YuriGagarin加加林)in12.April1961U.Sfirstlaunchedapersonintospace（AlanShepard艾伦·B·谢泼德）in1965ChinaShenzhou5(15.October2003)YangLiweiShenzhou6(12.October2005)FeiJunlongandNieHaishengShenzhou7(25.September2008)ZaiZhigang,LiuBomingandYingHaipengExplorationofMoonLuna1—Luna24月球探测器(1959—1976）byRussiaThefirstman-madeobjecttoreachtheMoonwastheunmannedSovietprobeLuna2ThefarsideoftheMoonwasfirstphotographedonOctober7,1959bytheSovietprobeLuna3.Luna9wasthefirstprobetosoftlandontheMoon,ThefirstartificialsatelliteoftheMoonwastheSovietprobeLuna10MoonrocksampleswerebroughtbacktoEarthbythreeLunamissions(Luna16,20,and24)OnDecember24,1968ThefirstrobotlunarrovertolandontheMoonwastheSovietvesselLunokhod1（无人驾驶自动探测车）thecrewofApollo8,FrankBorman,JamesLovellandWilliamAnders,becamethefirsthumanbeingstoenterlunarorbitandseethefarsideoftheMooninperson.in1968thefirstMoonlandingbytheAmericanApollo11craftonJuly20,1969NeilArmstrongAutomaticlunarrover1andlunokhod2自动月球车1970—1973In1990JapanvisitedtheMoonwiththeHitenspacecraft,becomingthethirdcountrytoplaceanobjectinorbitaroundtheMoon.TheEuropeanSpaceAgencylaunchedasmall,low-costlunarorbitalprobecalledSMART1onSeptember27,2003ChinaFirstphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-1工程)—launchedin2007:twouncrewedlunarorbitalprobesSecondphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-2工程)—tobelaunchedin2012:firstMoonlandingofacoupleofroversThirdphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-3工程)—tobelaunchedin2017:automatedMoonlandingandreturnsampleFourthphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-4工程)—tobelaunchedin2024:crewedmissionandpermanentbases(月面驻留)ExplorationofMars1960—1979Russiahassixteenprobes（探测器）Americahaseighteenprobejustsendpictures1996火星全球探勘者号（MarsGlobalSurveyor）1997MarsPathfinder（火星拓荒者）achievesoftlanding（软着陆）onthesurfaceofMars20012001火星奥德赛号（2001MarsOdyssey）2003火星探测漫游者(MarsExplorationRover）2007凤凰号（Phoenix）takebackrocksandsoilofMars2011Yingguang1萤光一号ChinaSpaceStationRussiaDOS（礼炮号航天站）（1971—1984）AmericaSkylab（天空实验室）1973RussiaMir（和平号空间站）1986—2001America，RussiaandESAInternationalSpaceStation国际空间站）（November1998—）ChinaTiangong1(天宫1号太空实验舱)29.september2011SpaceShuttle（航天飞机）Enterprise（开拓者号航天飞机）onlyusefortestColumbia（哥伦比亚号航天飞机）4.December1981—1.February2003Challenger（挑战者号航天飞机）4.April1883—28.January1986Discovery（发现号航天飞机）30.August1984Atlantis（亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞机）3.October1985Endeavour（奋进号航天飞机）insteadofChallenger7.May1992哥伦比亚号空中解体挑战者号爆炸