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演讲者：张望舒，曾子恒制作者：王其梅，杨莹，曾子恒，毛亚平，徐唯一英语10-1Tableware餐具Dinnerknifebutterspreader(奶油刮刀）刀Fork：saladfork,dinnerfork,dessertfork叉（餐叉分得很细）Goblet:watergoblet,redwinegoblet,whitewinegoblet酒杯Spoon:soupspoonteaspoon勺子Soupbowl碗Serviceordinnerplatebreadandbutterplate餐盘Napkin餐巾ChopsticksareusedtoeatmostkindsofChinesefoods.Holdyourchopstickstowardstheirend,notinthemiddleorthefrontthirdwhendiningwiththem.Whenyouarenotusingyourchopsticks,orhavefinishedeating,laythemdowninfrontofyouwiththetipstoleft.butterspreader(奶油刮刀）餐具摆放(theplaceofthetableware)Informalsettings,allthesilverware,glassware,cups,saucersandthelikeareplacedonthetable,soit’softendifficulttoknowwhichforktousewhenorwhichwaterglassisyours.Asageneralruletothumb,silverwareislinedupintheorderinwhichapersonwillusethem,goingfromtheoutside,in.Forinstance,theforkandknifeusedforthesaladareplacedintheoutermostofthesetting,farthestfromyourplate(withtheexceptionofthespoon).Dessertsilverware,ifnotbroughtoutwiththedessert,areplacedatthetopofyourentréeplate.Glassware,cupandsaucerareplacedtoyourright,whilethenapkin,breadplateandbutterspreadertoyourleft.餐具的使用（theuseofthetableware)Rulesonflatware(扁平的餐具，指刀，叉，匙等）Startfromtheoutsideandworkyourwayintowardtheplatesasthemealprogresses.Usually,thebigforkisfortheentree;thebigspoonforthesoup.餐具的使用根据上菜的顺序由外向里使用。通常，最大的叉子是用来食用主菜的，最大的汤匙是用来喝汤的。“bd”手势：吃在你的左手边，喝在你的右手边！/Eatbreadisonurleft，drinkisonurright，摆餐具也照此守则Usetheknifebyyourrighthand.andusetheforkbyyourlefthand.Onceautensil(餐具）hasbeenused,itnevergoesbackonthetable.whenyouaretakingbreak,restyourforkandknifeentirelyontheplate.whenyouarefinished,placethemdiagonally（对角地）ontheplate,sidebyside,withthehandles（手柄）at4oclock.Theknifeblade（刀片）shouldfacethecenteroftheplate,notpointouttowardanotherguest(anancientsignofaggression)任何器具用过之后就要被撤下，不可再回到餐桌上，在用餐的过程中如要休息放下手中的刀叉时，刀叉应对角地（八字型）分别放在餐盘边上，不可一半在餐盘上一半在餐桌上，而且刀刃要朝向餐盘的中央，不能朝外对着旁边的客人，这在古代会被看作是一个挑衅的信号。每吃完一道菜后，刀叉要并拢放在盘中，等服务员撤走。TheorderofdishesinChinaThemealusuallybeginswithasetofatleastfourcolddishes,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.Soupthenwillbeservedtobefollowedbystaplefoodrangingfromrice,noodlestodumplings.Ifyouwishtohaveyourricetogowithotherdishes,youshouldsaysoingoodtime,formostoftheChinesechoosetohavethestaplefoodatlastorhavenoneofthematall.TheorderofdishesintheWest.Dinnerstartwithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledanastarter.Afterthestarteryouwillgetabowlofsoup.Then,fishcourse.Thenextdishisthemaincourse,itusuallyisabeefsteak.Avegetablesaladwillbeserved.Thenadeliciousdessertwillappearatthetable.Atlastisacupofteaorcoffee.startersoupFishcourseMaincoursevegetabledessertcoffeeMannersintheWest1)Whenleavingthetableduringthecourseofyourmeal,putyournapkinonyourchair,notthetable.Noonewantstoseeyourstainednapkin.Andatthecompletionofthemeal,placeitontheleftofyourplate,orifyourplatehasbeencleared,inthecenter.2)Wheninasituationwhereyouhavetopassfoodorcondimentstoothersatthetable,passittoyourright,orcounterclockwise.Neverdoa“boardinghousereach”acrossthetable.3)Whilecuttingmeat,thecorrectwayistocutapieceandthenswitchyourforktoyourrighthandtopickitup.Thismethodisconsideredthe“American”way.Notswitchingyourforkandusingyourleftiscalledthe“Continental”way,andisdonemostofteninEuropeancountries.ThiswayisgainingacceptanceandIwouldn’tbesurprisedifonedaysoonit’sconsideredacceptableinfinedining.Also,cutmeatapieceatatime.Cuttingtheentiremeatupintopiecesorcuttingmorethanoneatatimeistacky4)Whenyou’redonewithyourmeal,theproperplacementofthesilverwareistolaythemparalleltoeachotherandacrosstheplatewiththehandlesfacingtheright.Toclarify,theendswouldbefacing10o’clockandfour.Note:Notallwaiterswillknowthisandtheystillmayaskyouifit’sokaytoclearyourplate.Atleastyouappearclassy.MannersinChina1)SpittingOuttheBonesInChinaitisalsocommonpracticetospitthingsoutonthetableorthefloor.Oftenfoodhassmallpiecesofboneorotherinediblepartsthatneedtoberemovedfromthemouth.Usingchopsticks,ahandoratissueisapolitewayaroundtheproblem.2)TouchingTablesThoughintheWestitissometimesconsideredrudetoputone’selbowsonthediningtable,thisisquiteacceptableinChina,particularlywheneatingnoodles.Youhowevermaywanttoavoidthisinsomerestaurantswherethetableisonlywipedwithanoldclothandtheremaybesomeunseenresiduefromthepreviouspatrons’meals.3)DessertEatingsomethingsweetfordessertisnotaChinesecustom.SweetthingscanbefoundhiddenamongeverythingelseonaChinesemenu.FruitsaladsandcaramelcoveredappleareChinesesweetdishesthatarepopularwithWesterners.4)DrinkingBeerisverypopularinChina,butitisallverysimilarwithnoneofthestrongerordarkervarietiesbrewedintheWest.Theotherpopularalcoholicdrinkisricewine.Beware,thiscanbeverystrong.InChina,drinkingalcoholisstillmainlyamalecustom.Maleguestsareroutinelyofferedalcoholandcigarettesatmealtimes.Justpolitelyrefuseifyoudon’twantthem.Anemptyglassisalwaysrefilled,nomatteraboutproteststhattheguesthashadenough,asamarkofpolitenessorgoodwill.Oftenarefusalhastobegiventhreetimes.SeeChineseGuestandHostCustoms.