_十月革命_的重要遗产_世界非殖民化和西方福利国家化

思想战线20114374,2011Vol37十月革命的重要遗产:世界非殖民化和西方福利国家化童小溪*:学界对十月革命和苏联经验的评价,一般都集中于在不发达国家一国建设社会主义的理论与实践的成败然而,十月革命也产生了另外两个重要后果,其一是带来了两次世界大战后的非殖民化过程以及苏联工业化模式的推广;其二是促使西方国家在政治经济制度层面做出深刻调整,出现二战后的福利国家世界范围内产生的这两大历史变化,在很大程度上是十月革命直接或间接推动的全面客观地评价十月革命和苏联经验,应该包括对上述两个历史巨变的考察和评估:十月革命;苏联经验;一国建设社会主义;非殖民化;西方福利国家191774,2020,20,,,,,,20,,,,:,,,,,,,,,:20,一十月革命与民族问题:理论与实践,,,,,,,1858107,:,,,,,,,,,82*:童小溪,中国农业大学社会学系副教授(北京,100083)[],,:,199929,:,1979,159:,,;,,,,1920,1885,,,,,1897,,,:,,,;,,,,3:,,,,,,,,,57%:,,(),,二十月革命与亚洲非殖民化进程1920,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Bolshevism83十月革命的重要遗产:世界非殖民化和西方福利国家化童小溪1,:,1995,2842,:,1995,826,2,:,1995,7242,:,1995,684EHCarr,TheBolshevikRevolution,1917~1923,London:TheMacmillanPress,1952,vol1,p325;vol2,pp261~2672,:,1995,449,:,1967,13591919,:,,,(),,,1919719209,:19231,,,1924,,,,,60三苏联模式和后发工业化道路,,2020,,,:,,,,,EH:,,,EH,,,,,,,,,,,1928,,(),,(),,,:,,2020,70,,,19131980,55%20%:84思想战线20114374,2011Vol37:Bolshevism,(),:,1984,598~599,:,1967,659~666,19583EHCarr,TheRussianRevolution:FromLenintoStalin(1917~1929),London:TheMacmillanPress,1979,p2020,:,1958,459,,EH,,,,,,:,,,,,:,,,,1952,2050,,1962,51%1947,,,,,,1955,(PCMahalanobis),1956~1961,,,,,1963,,,1963,,,:,,1979,20,,四苏联影响和西方福利国家化,:,,,,,85十月革命的重要遗产:世界非殖民化和西方福利国家化童小溪EHCarr,TheRussianRevolution:FromLenintoStalin(1917~1929),London:TheMacmillanPress,1979,p22AlexanderGerschenkron,EconomicBackwardnessinHistoricalPerspective,Cambridge:HarvardUniversityPress,1966,p45CharlesKWilber:TheSovietModelandUnderdevelopedCountries,ChapelHil:lUniversityofNorthCarolinaPress,1969.NortonTDodge&CharlesKWilber:TheRelevanceofSovietIndustrialExperienceforLessDevelopedEconomies,SovietStudies,Vol21,No3(Jan,1970),pp330~349NicolasSpulber,SovietStrategyforEconomicGrowth,Bloomington:IndianaUniversityPress,1964,pp127~128SaidK.Aburish,SaddamHussein:ThePoliticsofRevenge,NewYork:BloomsburyUSA,2000,pp30~3220,EH,,2060,19201895,,,1932,,:,,,,:,,:,,2030,,1932,:100,,,,,,,,2020,,1935,,(NLRB),,,2020,,,,,五结语,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(责任编辑洪颖)86思想战线20114374,2011Vol37[]:,,:,1999,79SidneyandBeatriceWebb,SovietCommunism:ANewCivilization,NewYork:LongmansGreen,1935.RobertSkidelsky,JohnMaynardKeynes,TheEconomistAsSaviour,1920~1937,Philadelphia:Trans-AtlanticPublications,1994JohnMaynardKeynes,CollectedWritingsofJohnMaynardKeynes,NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2000,pp333~334GeorgHege,lLecturesonthePhilosophyofWorldHistory:Introduction,trans.byH.B.Nisbet,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1975,p38