各种菜名英文表达

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大部分中国菜(Chinesecuisine)的传统命名具有简单明白、一目了然的特点。•一道中国菜的名称,主要包括:•主料(mainmaterial)•辅料(auxiliarymaterial)•刀法(wayofcutting)•烹调方法(wayofcooking)。•以“辣子炒鸡丁”简称“辣子鸡丁”为例•“鸡肉”为主料•“辣椒”为辅料•“鸡丁”为刀法•“炒”为烹调方法•其英文可译为:•stir-frieddicedchickenwithgreenpeppers。•荤菜常用的主料主要是鸡、鸭、鱼、肉之类。•肉类有猪肉(pork)、牛肉(beef)、羊肉(mutton,lamb)等。•食谱recipe辅料包括各种蔬菜•菜花(cauliflower)•白菜(Chinesecabbage)•洋白菜(cabbage)•芹菜(celery)•萝卜(turnip,radish)•油菜(rape)•菠菜(spinach)•青椒(greenpepper)•茄子(eggplant)•土豆(potato)•黄瓜(cucumber)•南瓜(pumpkin)•冬瓜(whitegourd)•西红柿(tomato)•蘑菇(mushroom)•木耳(fungus)•竹笋(bambooshoot)•豆腐(beancurd/tofu)在汉语中,各地同一种蔬菜有不同的叫法•“西红柿”,有的叫“番茄”•“洋白菜”,有的叫“大头菜”,还有的叫“包心菜”•还有素雅之别,比如•“鸡蛋”又叫“木须”•“鸡爪”又叫“凤爪”(chickenclaws)•“竹笋片”又叫“玉兰片”(tenderbambooshootslice,tenderslicedbambooshoot)•“蛋清”又叫“芙蓉”,英文叫egg-white,中国烹饪技术刀工、刀法包括•切丁(cutintoslices;dice)•切块(cutintocubes/pieces)•切片(slice)•切末(mince)•切丝(shred)•切条(cutintostraps)•切段(cutintochunks)•切柳(fillet)•剁(chop)•去骨(boning)•去皮(skinning;peeling)•刮鳞(scaling)•剁末(smashing)•雕、刻(carving)•捣碎mash•“猪肉丁”可以说成porkdice或dicedpork•“羊肉片”可以说成muttonslice或slicedmutton•牛肉丝可以说成beefshred或shreddedbeef•“猪肉丸子:可以说成porkball•说到“肉”时,如果不特别说明,一般指“猪肉”。中国菜烹调方法包括•炒(stir-fry)•炸(fry;deep-fry)•烘(roast)•烤(roast;broil;grill;basting)•焖(braise;stew)•炖(stew)•蒸(steam)•煎(pan-fry)•清炒(plain-fry)•煨(simmer)•煮(boil)•熏(smoke)•拌(mix)•涮(instantboil)•汆(quick-boil)•干炸(drydeep-fry)•烧(braise)•爆(quick-fry)•白灼(scald)规范的菜名的一般译法第一种翻译方法——直译1.烹调方法+主料•炸鸡(friedchicken)•烤鸭(roastedduck)•炖鸭(stewedduck)•清蒸鱼(steamedfish)•熏鱼(smokedfish)•爆虾(quick-friedshrimps)•涮羊肉(instantboiledmutton;Mongolianfirepot)•炸虾球(friedprawnballs)•炒蟹粉(friedcrabmeat)•炸凤尾鱼(friedanchovies)2.烹调法+主料名with配料名•有时在汉语里,烹调方法常常忽略不说,而译成英语时,要添加上去。例如:•洋葱牛肉丝(stir-friedshreddedbeefwithonion)、•冬笋鸡片(stir-friedchickensliceswithbambooshoots)•芙蓉鸡片(stir-friedslicedchickenwithegg-white)•板栗鸡翅braisedchickenwingswithchestnuts•冬菇菜心friedwintermushroomswithgreencabbage•蟹粉鱼肚stewedfishmawwithcrabmeat•笋菇鸡丁friedchickencubeswithbambooshootsandmushrooms•蟹肉海参friedseacucumberwithcrabmeat•素什锦豆腐braisedbeancurdwithmixedvegetable•冬笋炒鱿鱼friedsquidwithfreshbambooshoots3.烹调法+主料名with/in调料名•有时还可以加上佐料,比如:•“红烧”(braised/broiledwithsoysauce/inbrownsauce)•“糖醋”(withsweetandsoursauce)•“醋熘”(withvinegarsauce)。•“红烧鱼”(braisedfishwithsoysauce)•“红烧肉”braisedporkwithbrownsauce•“糖醋鱼片”(friedfishsliceswithsweetandsoursauce或sweetandsourfriedfishslices)•“醋熘白菜”(friedChinesecabbagewithvinegarsauce)•盐水虾boiledshrimpsinsaltwater•红烧青鱼braised/stewedcarpwithbrownsauce•清炖甲鱼stewedturtleinclearsoup4.烹调法+加工法+主料名+with/in调料名•洋葱牛肉丝friedshreddedbeefwithonion•茄汁牛肉片friedslicedbeefwithtomatosauce•肉片烧豆腐stewedslicedporkwithbeancurd•虾仁炒蘑菇friedshelledshrimpswithmushrooms•红烧狮子头stewed/braisedmincedporkballswithbrownsauce;braisedgiantmeatball•盐水螺片scaldedslicedconchinsaltwater第二种翻译方法——意译中式菜肴不仅讲究烹调艺术,其名称也讲究典雅,富于寓意,因此有些菜名根据主料和配料色或形的特点,或经烹调后菜肴的总体造型,起了个具有吉祥如意或富有艺术造型的典雅名称。对于这类菜名,只能采用意译的方法,舍形或舍音求意,将其原料和烹调方法全部照实译出。•龙凤会stewedsnakeandchicken•全家福stewedassortedmeats/hotchpotch(杂烩)•蚂蚁上树stir-friedstarchnoodleswithmincedmeat•麻婆豆腐Beancurdwithmincedporkinhotsauce•游龙戏凤stir-friedprawnsandchicken第三种翻译方法——直译+意译还有些菜肴名称的部分术语,根据制作原料,择其“色、香、味、形、音”等特点,用表示吉祥喜庆等典雅的语言来表达,这对于缺乏中国文化背景知识的外国人来说,难以理解其含义。对于这种菜名的翻译,宜采用直译与意译相结合的办法,将典雅术语所含寓意直接译出。•红烧狮子头stewed/braisedmincedporkballswithbrownsauce;braisedgiantmeatball•三鲜汤soupwithfish,shrimpandporkballs•翡翠虾仁stir-friedshelledshrimpswithpeas•芙蓉鸡片friedchickensliceswithegg-white第四种翻译方法——直译+解释我国地域广阔,各地民情、风俗不同,都有一些具有地方特色的名菜,其名称通常是“地名/人名+菜名”。翻译时可采用“直译地名/人名+菜名”或“菜名+in……style”的格式来翻译。•北京烤鸭Beijingroastduck•宫保鸡丁frieddicedchickeninSichuanstyle;dicedchickenwithpeanuts;sautéed(炒)chickencubeswithchili(hotpepper)andpeanuts•西湖醋鱼WestLakevinegarfish•东坡肉Dongpobraisedpork有些菜名,源于历史典故或民间传说,其名称本身既不反映菜肴的原料,也不反映其烹调方法,若要讲清其含义,必须讲述一个故事,或者一段历史,作为菜名翻译则是无法解释清楚的。对于这类菜名的翻译,宜采用直译其名加解释的方法。例如:佛跳墙Fotiaoqiang(Buddhajumpingthewall)叫花鸡beggar’schicken(bakedmud-coatedchicken)部分中餐菜名译法介绍•油爆大虾Quickstir-friedpawns•拌三丝Combinationofshreddedmeat•盐水鸭Saltedduck•五香熏鱼Smokedfishinfiveflavors•白斩鸡Boiledtenderchickeninsoysauce•水晶鱼冻Crystalfish•辣白菜SpicyChinesecabbage•糖拌西红柿Sweattomatoes•盐水虾Saltedprawns•蒜末拌黄瓜Cucumberswithmincedgarlic•拌土豆丝Shreddedpotatoesinlightsauce•五香酱牛肉Five-flavorbeef•松仁玉米sweetcornwithpinenuts•家常鱼Home-stylefish•干烧鱼Dry-friedfish•松鼠鱼Sweetandsourfishinsquirrelshape•糖醋鱼Sweetandsourfish•凤尾鱼Phoenixtailfish•清蒸鱼Steamedfish•梅菜扣肉Pig-bellywithpickledvegetable•鱼香肉丝Shreddedporkwithgarlicsauce;Spicyshreddedpork;fish-flavoredshreddedporkinhotsauce•京酱肉丝Porkfilletinchillisauce•鱼香茄子Spicyeggplantwithgarlicsauce;fish-flavoredeggplant•酸辣汤Spicyandsourthicksoup;hotandsoursoup•葱爆牛肉Friedbeefwithscallion•糖醋排骨Sweetandsourspareribs•红烧牛肉Broiledbeef;braisedbeef•盐水青毛豆Boiledsaltyyoungsoybeans•海蜇皮Jellyfish•糖醋里脊Sweetandsourbonelesspork(tenderloin)•木须肉Stir-friedporkwitheggsandblackfungus•宫爆肉丁Dicedporkwithhotpeppers•牛肉丸Beefmeatballs•葱爆羊肉Quick-friedlambwithscallions•羊肉串shishkabob•脆皮鸡Crispy-skinchicken•红烧鱼Braisedfish•西施奶油虾prawnswithbuttercream•炸虾球Deep-friedshrimpballs•炒螃蟹Friedcrab•清蒸鳗鱼Steamedeel•红烧海参Braisedseacucumber•红烧豆腐Braisedbeancurd•麻婆豆腐Beancurdwithmincedporkinhotsauce•家常豆腐Home-stylebeancurd•沙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