上海著名景点英文介绍(附图)

1※ShanghaiOrientalPearlTowerTheOrientalPearlTowerisaTVtowerinShanghai,China.TheOrientalPearlTowerislocatedatthetipofLujiazuiinthePudongdistrict,bythesideofHuangpuRiver,oppositeofTheBund.ItwasdesignedbytheShanghaiModernArchitecturalDesignCo.Ltd.PrincipaldesignersareJiangHuanChen,LinBenlinandZhangXiulin.Constructionbeganin1990andthetowerwascompletedin1994.At468m(1,535feet)high,itwasthetalleststructureinChina(excludingTaiwan;seeTaipei101)from1994–2007,whenitwassurpassedbytheShanghaiWorldFinancialCenter.ThespheresinthetowerThetowerfeatures11spheres,bigandsmall.Thetwolargestspheres,alongthelengthofthetower,havediametersof50m(164ft)forthelowerand45m(148ft)fortheupper.Theyarelinkedbythreecolumns,each9m(30ft)indiameter.Thehighestsphereis14m(46ft)indiameter.Theentirebuildingissupportedbythreeenormouscolumnsthatstartunderground.ObservationlevelsThetowerhasfifteenobservatorylevels.Thehighest(knownastheSpaceModule)isat350m(1148ft).Thelowerlevelsareat263m(863ft)(SightseeingFloor)andat90m(295ft)(SpaceCity).Thereisarevolvingrestaurantatthe267m(876ft)level.Theprojectalsocontainsexhibitionfacilities,restaurantsandashoppingmall.Thereisalsoa20-roomhotelcalledtheSpaceHotelbetweenthetwolargespheres.Antennaspire2Anantenna,broadcastingTVandradioprograms,extendstheconstructionbyanother118m(387ft)toatotalheightof468m(1,535ft).ChinesesymbolisminthedesignThedesignofthebuildingissaidtobebasedonaverseoftheTangDynastypoemPipaSongbyBaiJuyiaboutthewonderfulsprinklingsoundofapipainstrument,likepearls,bigandsmallfallingonajadeplate.However,thedesignerJiangHuanchengsaysthathedidnothavethepoeminmindwhendesigningthetower.Itwasthechiefofthejuryboardwhosaiditremindedhimofthatpoem.※ShanghaiWorldFinancialCenterTheShanghaiWorldFinancialCenterisasupertallskyscraperlocatedinthePudongdistrictofShanghai,China.ItwasdesignedbyKohnPedersenFoxanddevelopedbyMoriBuilding.Itisamixed-useskyscraper,consistingofoffices,hotels,conferencerooms,observationdecks,andground-floorshoppingmalls.ParkHyattShanghaiisthehotelcomponent,containing174roomsandsuites.Occupyingthe79thtothe93rdfloors,itisthesecond-highesthotelintheworld,surpassingtheGrandHyattShanghaionthe53rdto87thfloorsoftheneighboringJinMaoTower.On14September2007,theskyscraperwastoppedout,at492.0meters(1,614.2ft)makingitthesecond-tallestbuildingintheworldatthetime,andthetalleststructureinthePeople'sRepublicofChinapriortotheconstructionofthenearbyShanghaiTower.Italsohadthehighestoccupiedfloorandthehighestheighttoroof,twocategoriesusedtodeterminethetitleofTheWorld’sTallestBuilding.On28August2008,theSWFCofficiallyopenedforbusiness.Twodayslater,theworld'stallestobservationdeckopened,offeringviewsfrom474m(1,555ft)abovegroundlevel.TheSWFCcontinuestohavethetallestobservationdeckintheworld.TheSWFChasbeenlaudedforitsdesign,andin2008itwasnamedbyarchitectsastheyear'sbestcompletedskyscraper.HistoryDesignedbyKohnPedersenFox,the101-storytowerwasoriginallyplannedforconstructionin1997,butworkwastemporarilyinterruptedbytheAsianFinancialCrisisinthelate1990sandlatertoaccommodatedesignchangesbyMoriBuildingCo.Thebuildingofthetowerisfinancedbyseveralmultinationalfirms,including3Chinese,Japanese,andHongKongbanks,aswellasbytheJapanesedeveloperandas-yetunnamedAmericanandEuropeaninvestors.AmericaninvestmentbankMorganStanleyiscoordinatingthefinancingforMoriBuilding.ConstructionThefoundationstonewaslaidon27August1997.Inthelate1990sthePierredeSmetBuildingCorporationhadafundshortagecausedbytheAsianfinancialcrisisin1997to1998,whichhaltedtheprojectafterthefoundationswerecompleted.On13February2003,theMoriGroupincreasedthebuilding'sheightto492mand101storiesfromtheinitialplansfora460m(1,509ft),94-storybuilding.Thenewbuildingwouldusethefoundationoftheoriginaldesign.Thebuildingconstructionresumedon16November2003.Thebuildingreacheditstotalheightof492mon14September2007afterinstallationofthefinalsteelgirder.ThefinalcladdingpanelswereinstalledinmidJune2008,andelevatorinstallationwasfinishedinmidJuly2008.On17July2008TheShanghaiWorldFinancialCenterwascompletedandon28August2008,theSWFCofficiallyopenedforbusiness.On30August2008,theobservationfloorswereopenedtothepublic.ArchitectureThemostdistinctivefeatureinthedesignofthebuildingisanapertureatthepeak.Theoriginaldesignspecifiedacircularaperture,46m(151ft)indiameter,toreducethestressesofwindpressure,aswellasserveasasubtextforthedesign,sinceChinesemythologyrepresentstheearthwithasquareandtheskywithacircle.ItalsoresembledaChinesemoongateduetoitscircularforminChinesearchitecture.However,thisinitialdesignbeganfacingprotestsfromsomeChinese,includingthemayorofShanghai,whoconsideredittoosimilartotherisingsundesignoftheJapaneseflag.Pedersenthensuggestedthatabridgebeplacedatthebottomoftheaperturetomakeitlesscircular.On18October2005,KPFsubmittedanalternativedesigntoMoriBuildingandatrapezoidalholereplacedthecircleatthetopofthetower,whichinadditiontochangingthecontroversialdesign,wouldalsobecheaperandeasiertoimplementaccordingtothearchitects.Intheeyesofsome,thebuildingresemblesagiantbottleopener.Infact,metalreplicasoft