高考英语语法填空 考点辨析

高考英语语法填空考点辨析一、知识点语法填空解题技巧：三步完成:概读理解–分析填空–连贯检查语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)（或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modalverbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)考查各项语法内容。考点一：冠词：无提示词、可数名词单数之前1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas[35]________shy,nervousperfectionist.3.…theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittosmalltownsome20kilometersaway[解题技巧]下列情况很可能：填不定冠词：(1)________+可数名词(单数)；(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。下列情况下很可能填：定冠词：(1)________(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)________(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)________(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。考点二：介词：无提示词、注意搭配问题与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1、Inshort,Ibelievethatitis[39]________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback[34]_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_________sale.4.Hewasverytired_______________doingthisforawholeday…考点三：代词：无提示词作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_________wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_____.3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_____wanttosayitagain:asmile…[解题技巧]因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。考点四：连词或从句引导词：无提示词、两个主谓结构连接1.Itwasnotlong[39]_________thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.2.Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm,[39]_________MaryAnne,astudentteacher,wasappointedtoourclassroom.3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.[解题技巧](1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,or,but等。(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,while,when,or等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。考点五：谓语动词：有提示词、与主语构成主谓结构1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.1.Doyouwanttoknowwhywe_____(move)lastyear?2.Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguidethatthemountainclimbers__________.(rescue)注意：1、若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词是谓语动词，若是谓语就要考虑时态和语态。ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015新课标Ⅰ）Yangshuo____(be)reallybeautiful.(2015新课标Ⅰ）Bepatient!TaiChi________(call)“shadowboxing”(太极拳）inEnglish.（2014辽宁卷)非谓语：分词作状语1.________(follow)bymanyfans，thesingerwalkedoutofthehall.2.________(follow)thefamoussinger，thecrazyfanswalkedoutofthehall.若句子中已有谓语动词，所给提示动词为非谓语动词———分词作状语时，根据分词与句子主语的关系确定分词形式。主语若是分词动作的执行者，用V­ing形式；主语若是分词动作的承受者，用V­ed形式。非谓语：分词作定语3.Theworkers__________(build)thebridgecamefromalloverthecountry.4.Thenovels________(write)byMoYanarepopular，attractingmoreandmorereaders.若句子中已有谓语动词，所给提示动词为非谓语动词——分词作定语。V­ing形式作定语表示主动或进行；V­ed形式作定语表示被动或完成。非谓语：不定式作宾语5.Wehope_______(get)therebeforedark.动词不定式作宾语，需识记只接不定式作宾语的动词。有want，wait，offer，long，fail，hope，expect，ask，decide，determine，manage，agree，afford，arrange，promise，pretend等。练习：1.________(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.2.Thegirlscamein,________(follow)theirparents.3._______(see)fromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.4.______(give)moretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.5.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.6.Nooneknowsthegirl________(stand)there.7.Iremembered_______(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice.2、有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是非谓语形式,这时需要进行词类转换。例如：ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.1.Withtherapideconomic________(grow)ofourcountry,wenowareeatingalotoffoodthatishighinsugarandfat.(2015广东备考）2.…therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist__________(attract)…提示动词前有形容词，形容词一般修饰名词，故需将动词转换为其名词形式。考点六：非谓语动词：有提示词、除谓语动词以外的动词形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.4.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.考点七：词性转换：有提示词介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.4.____________(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.考点八：形容词的级别：有提示词通常，有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级1、Oneofthe[33]__________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…2.…Wewereb