完型填空试题主要特点:1.通常从一篇250词左右,夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个,首句不挖空;2.干扰项设计严密.一般情况下,四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴,干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误,对考生有很大的迷惑作用;3.突出语篇(语境),强调应用,注重交际;4.大多富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣;6考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主,虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%,其中又以动、名、形为主。7.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项;有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上,正确把握上下文的逻辑关系,才能正确判断和选择。1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章,单纯求快,忽略语篇理解,只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快,但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.2.不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用;b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.3.时间安排不当:在几个选项上过分纠缠,追求完美,导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。切记:正确的做法是由易到难,先做会做的,再考虑较难的。强烈推荐:如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.细读首句,跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意再读全文,反复检查结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案瞻前顾后,先易后难,个个击破正确的完形填空的解题步骤把握整体具体分析细读文章的第一句话高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句(TopicSentence),这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”,它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息,能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。充分重视首句的标示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,据此展开思维,争取开局胜利。•对于叙事,描述类文章。短文的首句,往往点明故事发生的人物(who),时间(when),地点(where),和事件(what)等背景情况。例:Itwasabusymorning,about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital.……2010全国卷(I)对于论述文,首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如:Amanwhoknowshowtowriteapersonalletterhasaverypowerfultool.Alettercanbeenjoyed,readand21.…………….2010全国卷(II)解题方法:总的原则:“先完意,后完形”。八字方针:上下求索,瞻前顾后。三步曲:读——填——读三步答题Step1Skip(跳读)thepassagetogetthegeneralideaandpayattentiontothefirstsentence.Intheclozetest,thereisnoblankinthefirstsentence(首句).Ithelpsustoknowthetopicofthewholepassage.(完形填空首句不挖空,帮助进入语境)Step2Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusingsomemethods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上,借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案)Fourmethods(四种常用的方法):1、context(上下文语境)2、worddistinctionsorcollocations(词语辨析和固定搭配)3、informationgiveninthepassage(利用文章中的信息---原词复现、近义词和反义词等)4、culturalbackgroundandcommonsense(文化背景和常识)Step3Readthepassageagainandchecktheanswers.(将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查)Tips:1.thetenseandthevoice,theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate(时态语态,主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2.grammarandcollocations(语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3.theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs(段与段,句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4.themeaningofthewholepassage(整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致,上下文的衔接是否合理)词汇题高考完形填空考什么?篇章结构(语境)句际关系结合选项1.复现词汇题1.(2010北京卷)Mrs.Neidlwouldaskmeformy37.ShewantedtoknowhowIthought……ShebelievedIhadopinions,soIbeganto…….37.A.opinionB.impressionC.informationD.intentionopinions语境-原词重现2.(2010陕西卷)Ihadsome28inmypocker,butIwouldnotgivethemtohim,thinkingtomyselfhewould29(only)usethemoneytofeedhisaddictiontodrugsoralcohol.28.A.chocolatesB.coinsC.tinsD.drugs语境-同义词、近义词复现2.词语的习惯用法和固定搭配3.(2010全国I)…Thenursehadhimtakea36inthewaitingarea,37(telling)himitwouldbeatleast40minutes38(before)someonewouldbeabletoseehim.36A.breathB.testC.seatD.break语境-固定搭配takea363.根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义4.(2010江苏卷)Myfather36metoherwiththesewords:“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois……36.A.rushedB.sentC.carriedD.introduced5.(2010全国I)Thehappiestpeopledon’t53(necessarily)havethebestofeverything;theyjust54thebestofeverythingtheyhave.54A.learnBmakeC.favorD.try语境-词义辨析36metojust54thebestof语境-词义辨析4.根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择6.ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.Holding生活常识1.语法手段2.逻辑手段句际关系1.语法手段8.(2010陕西卷)Ithen32(realized)Ihadnorighttoplacemyselfabove33justbecausehewasbusking.33.A.itB.allC.himD.them语法-指代9.(2010天津卷)“Asapoliceman,Isaw27therewasviolence,drugswerealwaysbehindit.Theyhaveadamaging28(impact)onthekids.”27.A.whereB.unlessC.asD.whether语法-句型逻辑手段2.逻辑手段让步关系转折关系因果关系解释关系顺序关系并列关系…10.(2010江苏卷)Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“Youare40(wrong).Thisisnottheworstboyatall,41thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet(释放的途径)forhisenthusiasm.”41.A.butB.soC.andD.or语境-转折关系、搭配thesmartest11.(2010湖南卷)Beanisawhitedog,quitehandsomeandvery38.38.A.smartB.sweetC.slowD.shy语境-同类并列关系12.(2010安徽卷)Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhand,...Thenthewritingpointofthepen……52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally语境-顺序关系小结:完型填空考查内容原词复现同义.近义复现指代句型并列关系转折关系让步关系解释关系语法项目顺序关系因果关系词汇手段语法手段逻辑手段语篇信息(语境理解)Problemsolvingstrategies注意上下文语境(context)了解常识背景(commonsense)掌握习惯搭配(phrases&idioms)运用词义辨析(comparison)运用语法分析(grammaranalysis)运用逻辑分析(logicalanalysis)运用排除法(exclusivemethod)解题过程中应做到实战演练Onceuponatimethecolorsoftheworldstartedtoquarrel.细读首句,找出相关信息1.叙事文故事发生的时间,人物、事件等背景情况。Keytotheclozetest41-45:DCCDB36-40:DACBA46-50:ACBAD51-55:DDCBAOnceuponatimethecolorsoftheworldstartedtoquarrel.Greensaid,ClearlyIamthemostimportant.Iamthesignoflifeandhope.Iwaschosenforgrass,treesandleaves.Withoutme,allanimalswould36.Blueinterrupted,Youonlythinkaboutthe37,butconsidertheskyandthesea.38thewaterthatisthebasisoflifeanddrawnupbythecloudsfromthedeepsea.Withoutmypeace,youwouldallbe39.Yellowchuckled(笑道),Youareallsoserious.Ibringlaughter,fun,and__40__intotheworld.36.A.stayB.leaveC.gooutD.die37.A.earthB.moonC.starD.sun38.A.ThatisB.IamC.ItisD.Thisis39.A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.Everything40.A.warmthB.sadnessC.depressionD.anxiety语境-词义语境-转折.对比.排除语法-强调句语境-词义语境-同类并列Orangestartednexttoblowhertrumpet,Iamthecolorofhealthandstrength.Imaybe41,butIampreciousforIservetheneedsofhumanlife.WhenIfillthesky42,mybeautyissostrikin