英语四级阅读练习及答案

英语四级阅读练习及答案PassageOne:Asthehorizonsofsciencehaveexpended,twomaingroupsofscientistshaveemerged.Oneisthepurescientist,theother,appliedscientist.Thepureortheoreticalscientistdoesoriginalresearchinordertounderstandthebasiclawsofthenaturethatgovernourworld.Theappliedscientistadaptsthisknowledgetopracticeproblems.Neitherismoreimportantthantheothers,however,forthegroupsareverymuchrelated.Sometimes,however,theappliedscientistfindsthe“problems”forthetheoreticalscientisttoworkon.Let’stakeaparticularproblemoftheaircraftindustry:heat-resistantmetals.Manyofthemetalsandalloysthatperformsatisfactorilyincarcannotbeusedinajet-propelled(喷气推进式)plane,Newalloysmustbeused,becausethejetengineoperatesatamuchhighertemperaturethananautomobileengine.Theturbinewheel(涡轮)inaturbojet(涡轮喷气发动机)mustwithstandtemperaturesashighas1,600degreesFahrenheit,soaircraftdesignershavetoturntotheresearchmetallurgistforthedevelopmentofmetalsandalloysthatwoulddothejobinjet-propelledplanes.Divingscientistsintotwogroups-pureandapplied-isonlyonebroadwayofclassifyingthem,however.Whenscientificknowledgewasverylimited,therewasnoneedformentospecialize.Today,withthegreatbodyofscientificknowledge,scientistsspecializeinmanydifferentfields.Withineachfield,thereisevenfurthersubdivision.And,withfinerandfinersubdivisions,thevariousscienceshavebecomemoreandmoreinterrelateduntilnobranchisentirelyindependentoftheothers.Manynewspecialties-geophysicsandbiochemistry,forexample-haveresultedfromcombiningtheknowledgeoftwoormorescience.1.TheappliedscientistA)doesoriginalresearchtothebasiclawsofnatureB)appliedtheresultofresearchtopracticalproblemsC)providesthebasicknowledgeforthepurescientistD)isnotinterestedinpracticalproblems2.TheexamplegiveninthethirdparagraphillustrateshowA)purescienceoperatesindependentlyofappliedscienceB)theappliedscientistdiscoverthebasiclawsofnatureC)appliedsciencedefinesalltheareasinwhichbasicresearchisdoneD)appliedsciencesuggestsproblemsforthebasicscientist3.FinerandfinersubdivisioninthefieldofsciencehasresultedinA)thelossoftheneedforspecialistsB)greaterinterdependenceofeachscienceC)greaterdependenceofeachscienceD)theneedforonlyoneclassificationifscientists4.Geophysicsandbiochemistryare.A)examplesofnewspecialtiesresultingfromcombingsciencesB)totallydependentsciencesC)amongtheoldestsciencesknowntomanD)bothB)andC)5.“Thehorizonsofsciencehaveexpanded,”(para1)meansthatA)scientistscanseefurtheroutintospaceB)sciencehasdevelopedmorefieldofhumanendeavorC)thehorizonchangessizefromyeartoyearD)scientistshavemadeamachineforenlargingthehorizonPassageTwo:Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaytakethefriendshipforgranted,weoftendon’tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithonlyanumberofpeople,weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew.Forexample,theaverageamongstudentsisabout6perperson.Inallthecasesoffriendlyrelationship,twopeoplelikeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether,butbeyondthat,thedegreeofintimacybetweenthemandthereasonsfortheirsharedinterestvaryenormously.Aswegettoknowpeoplewetakeintoaccountthingslikeages,race,economiccondition,socialposition,andintelligence.Althoughthesefactorsarenotofprimeimportance,itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground.Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentanddiscussion,butitisusuallyforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs,tohaveattitudeandinterestsincommon—theyoftentalkabout“beingonthesamewavelength”.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint.Andthemoreintimatelyinvolvedpeoplebecome,themoretheyrelyononeanother.Peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhatetobreakanpromise.Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwithannoyinghabitsandtotolerantdifferencesofopinion.Incontrastwithmarriage,therearenofriendshipceremoniestostrengthentheassociationbetweentwopeople.Butthesupportingandunderstandingofeachotherthatresultsfromsharedexperiencesandemotionsdoesseemtocreateapowerfulbond,whichcanovercomedifferencesinbackgroundandbreakdownofage,classandrace.6.Accordingtotheauthor,.A)allthosewhogetonwellwitheachotherarefriendsB)friendsarecloserthanpeoplewhojustgetonwellwitheachotherC)everyoneunderstandclearlyhowtomakefriendsD)everystudentshas6friends7.Whenwemakefriends,weconsidersuchthingsasage,raceandbackgroundbecauseA)itisnoteasytohaveafriendlyrelationshipwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackgroundB)thedegreedoffriendshipbetweenpeopleandthereasonfortheirsharedinterestscanvarygreatlyC)friendsneedtoknowallthesethingsD)thesearethemostimportantfactorstomakefriends8.Inparagraph2,“beingonthesamewavelength”means.A)usingthesamefrequencywhiletalkingB)keepingthesamefriendlyrelationshipasotherpeopledoC)havingsimilarideas,beliefs,attitudesandinterestsD)havingthesamebackground9.Whichofthefollowingisnotimpliedordirectlystatedinthepassage?A)EvenfriendsmayhavedifferencesofopinionsB)FriendsneverarguewitheachotherC)Itgenerallytakestimeforpeopletobecomeclosefriends.D)Someone’shabitsmayannoyhisfriends.10.Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship,peopleA)mustholdfriendshipceremoniesB)havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackgroundC)shouldmake