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PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theprospectsforwomenwhoarescientistsandengineersatmajorresearchuniversitieshaveimproved,althoughwomencontinuetofaceunfairtreatmentinsalaryandaccesstosomeotherresources,apaneloftheNationalResearchCouncilconcludesinanewreport.Inrecentyears“menandwomenfacultyinscience,engineeringandmathematicshaveenjoyedcomparableopportunities,”thepanelsaidinitsreport,releasedonTuesday.Itfoundthatwomenwhoappliedforuniversityjobsand,oncetheyhadthem,forpromotionandtenure(终身任职),wereatleastaslikelytosucceedasmen.InanotherreportthisweekintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersattheUniversityofWisconsinreviewedavarietyofstudiesandconcludedthattheachievementgapbetweenboysandgirlsinmathematicsperformancehadnarrowedtothevanishingpoint.Althoughgirlsarestillofasmallernumberintheranksofyoungmathprodigies(神童),theysaid,thatgapisnarrowing,whichunderminesclaimsthatagreaterprevalence(流行)ofprofoundmathematicaltalentinmalesisbiologicallydetermined.Theresearcherssaidthisandotherphenomena“provideabundantevidencefortheimpactofsocioculturalandotherenvironmentalfactorsonthedevelopmentofmathematicalskillsandtalentandthesize,ifany,ofmathgendergap.”Theresearchcouncil,anarmoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,gathereditsexpertpanelattherequestofCongress.Thepanelsurveyedsixdisciplines—biology,chemistry,mathematics,civilandelectricalengineering,andphysics—andbaseditsanalysisoninterviewswithfacultymembersat89institutionsanddatafromfederalagencies,professionalsocietiesandothersources.ThepanelwasledbyClaudeCanizares,aphysicistwhoisvicepresidentforresearchatM.I.T,andDr.SallyShaywitzofYaleMedicalSchool,anexpertonlearning.TheWisconsinresearchers,JanetS.HydeandJanetE.Mertz,studieddatafrom10statescollectedintestsauthorizedbytheNoChildLeftBehindActaswellasdatafromtheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress,afederaltestingprogram.Differencesbetweengirls’andboys’performanceinthe10stateswere“closetozeroinallgrades,”theysaid,eveninhighschoolswheregapshadexistedearlier.Inthenationalassessment,theysaid,differencesbetweengirls’andboys’performancewere“trivial”.57.Welearnfromthepassagethatfemalescientistsandengineersinsomeuniversities________.A)tendtocomparethemselveswithmenB)sufferfromoverwhelmingunequaltreatmentC)finditdifficulttogetidealjobsD)haveafutureasbrightasmen58.AccordingtotheresearchersattheUniversityofWisconsin,________.A)girlsusuallythinknarrowlyinmathwhileboysdon’tB)girlscandoalmostaswellasboysinmathematicsC)mostgirlsperformbetterinmathematicsthanboysD)thereareveryfewgirlswhoarereallytalentedinmath59.Whatistheconclusionoftheresearchcouncilbasedon?A)Theanalysismadeby89collegeteachersanddatafromdifferentagencies.B)Thesurveyofsixsubjects,interviewswithteachersanddatafromdifferentkindsofsources.C)ThesurveyattherequestoftheCongressandtalkswithteachersfrom89institutions.D)TheresearchmadebytheNationalAcademyofSciencesandthesurveywithinsixfields.60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A)Neithergendernorageaffectsstudents’performanceinmathematics.B)Peopleexpecttoseegapsbetweengirls’andboys’performanceinhighschool.C)Differenttestsshowdifferentresultsconcerningstudents’performance.D)Datafrom10statesarenotasaccurateasthosefromthenationaltests.61.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A)theunfairtreatmenttowardsfemaleinuniversitiesB)womenbridginggapinscienceopportunitiesC)theachievementoffemalescientistsinuniversitiesD)anationalstudyofteachingmethodsofmathematicsPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’stimetostopcomplaining.Theeconomymightbemeltingdownlikebutterinahotpot,butforsomepeople—you,maybe?—thiscouldbeaverygoodthing.Here’swhy.Atnoothertimeinrecenthistoryhasitbeeneasierorcheapertostartanewkindofcompany.Possiblyaveryprofitablecompany.Let’scallthesestart-upsLILOs,for“alittlein,alotout;”TheseareWeb-basedbusinessesthatcostalmostnothingtogetoffthegroundyetcanturnintogreatmoneymakers.Howdoyougetstarted?Allthat’srequiredisagreatideaforaproductthatwillfillaneedinthe21stcentury.Thesedaysyou’ddobestifyourideaeithermakespeoplemoneyorsavesthemmoney.Andlaunchingnowwillmakeyourcompanystrongerlater—you’lllearntosurviveonfumesuntiltheeconomyimproves.That’swhatJohnTaymanisdoing.He’sanauthorwholivesinSanFrancisco,whereImethim;hewrotereviewsforabusinessmagazineIedited.Taymanknewlittleabouttechnologyandevenlessaboutbusiness.Andyethedreamedofawebsitethatwouldsummarizecarreviewsfromothersourcesandrankeverymodelofnewcar.“It’llbelikeRottenTomatoes.commeetsKelleyBlueBook,”heexplainedtomeduringlunchonedaylastJune.Taymansaidheintendedtobuildthesiteonthesidewhilecontinuingtowriteforaliving.He’dworkonhisnewcompanyonlyatnightandonweekends.Oh,yes,andhehadonlyabout$10,000.“Goodluckwiththat!”Ithought.Ideasaremucheasiertoproducethantheyaretoexecute.TaymanwenttoworkwithnothingmorethanhisPowerBooklaptop.Averywell-organizedfellow,hequicklydiscoveredabunchoffreestuffonline—instructionalmanualsandsitesthatwalkyouthroughtheprocessfromstarttofinish.Withinmonths,Taymanhadavirtualstaffof20employeesworkingforhiminfivedifferentcountri