2014年英语专业四级真题及答案(阅读理解)

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TEXTAAfterbreakfasttheboyswanderedoutintotheplay-ground.Heretheday-boysweregraduallyassembling.Theyweresonsofthelocalclergy,oftheofficersattheDepot,andofsuchmanufacturersormenofbusinessastheoldtownpossessed.Presentlyabellrang,andtheyalltroopedintoschool.Thisconsistedofalarge,longroomatoppositeendsofwhichtwounder-mastersconductedthesecondandthirdforms,andofasmallerone,leadingoutofit,usedbyMr.Watson,whotaughtthefirstform.Toattachthepreparatorytotheseniorschoolthesethreeclasseswereknownofficially,onspeechdaysandinreports,asupper,middle,andlowersecond.Philipwasputinthelast.Themaster,ared-facedmanwithapleasantvoice,wascalledRice;hehadajollymannerwithboys,andthetimepassedquickly.Philipwassurprisedwhenitwasaquartertoelevenandtheywereletoutfortenminutes'rest.Thewholeschoolrushednoisilyintotheplay-ground.Thenewboysweretoldtogointothemiddle,whiletheothersstationedthemselvesalongoppositewalls.TheybegantoplayPigintheMiddle.Theoldboysranfromwalltowallwhilethenewboystriedtocatchthem:whenonewasseizedandthemysticwordssaid-one,two,three,andapigforme-hebecameaprisonerand,turningsides,helpedtocatchthosewhowerestillfree.Philipsawaboyrunningpastandtriedtocatchhim,buthislimpgavehimnochance;andtherunners,takingtheiropportunity,madestraightforthegroundhecovered.ThenoneofthemhadthebrilliantideaofimitatingPhilip'sclumsyrun.Otherboyssawitandbegantolaugh;thentheyallcopiedthefirst;andtheyranroundPhilip,limpinggrotesquely,screamingintheirtreblevoiceswithshrilllaughter.Theylosttheirheadswiththedelightoftheirnewamusement,andchokedwithhelplessmerriment.OneofthemtrippedPhilipupandhefell,heavilyashealwaysfell,andcuthisknee.Theylaughedallthelouderwhenhegotup.Aboypushedhimfrombehind,andhewouldhavefallenagainifanotherhadnotcaughthim.ThegamewasforgottenintheentertainmentofPhilip'sdeformity.Oneoftheminventedanodd,rollinglimpthatstrucktherestassupremelyridiculous,andseveraloftheboyslaydownonthegroundandrolledaboutinlaughter:Philipwascompletelyscared.Hecouldnotmakeoutwhytheywerelaughingathim.Hisheartbeatsothathecouldhardlybreathe,andhewasmorefrightenedthanhehadeverbeeninhislife.Hestoodstillstupidlywhiletheboysranroundhim,mimickingandlaughing;theyshoutedtohimtotryandcatchthem;buthedidnotmove.Hedidnotwantthemtoseehimrunanymore.Hewasusingallhisstrengthtopreventhimselffromcrying.TEXTBForparentswhosendtheirkidsofftocollegesaying,“Thesewillbethebestyearsofyourlife,”itwouldbeveryappropriatetoadd,“Ifyoucanhandlethestressofcollegelife.”Freshmenareshowingupalreadystressedout,accordingtothelatestCIRPFreshmanSurveythatreportedstudents'emotionalhealthlevelsattheirlowestsincethesurveystartedin1985.Whileinschool,morestudentsareworkingpart-timeandnear-full-timejobs.Atgraduation,only29percentofseniorshavejobslinedup.Pressuretoexceloftencreatesstress,andmanystudentsarenotlearninghowtoeffectivelyhandlethisstress.1)Stresscanmakesmartpeopledostupidthings:Stresscauseswhatbrainresearcherscall“corticalinhibition.”Insimpleterms,stressinhibitsapartofthebrainresponsiblefordecision-makingandreactiontimeandcanadverselyaffectothermentalabilitiesaswell.2)Thehumanbodydoesn'tdiscriminatebetweenabigstressfuleventandalittleone:Anystressfulexperiencewillcreateacascadeof1,400biochemicaleventsinyourbody.Ifanyamountofstressisleftunchecked,manythingscanoccurwithinthebody,includingprematureaging,impairedcognitivefunctionandenergydrain.3)Stresscanbecomeyournewnorm:Whenyouregularlyexperiencenegativefeelingsandhighamountsofstress,yourbrainrecognizesthisasyournormalstate.Thisthenbecomesthenewnorm,orbaselineforyouremotionalstate.4)Stresscanbecontrolled:Countlessstudiesdemonstratethatpeoplecanrestructuretheiremotionalstateusingemotion-refocusingtechniques.Thesetechniqueshelpyourecognizehowyouarefeelingandshifttoamorepositiveemotional,mentalandphysicalstate.5)Stresslessbylovingwhatyoustudy:BarbaraFrederickson,aleadinginternationalauthorityontheimportanceofpositiveemotions,sayshumansaregeneticallyprogrammedtoseekpositiveemotionssuchasloveandjoy.It'ssuggestedtochooseamajororcareerpathyouloveandenjoy.Otherwise,youcouldendupfightingagainstyourownbiology.TEXTCForanyonewhodoubtsthatthetextingrevolutionisuponus,considerthis:Theaverage13-to17-year-oldsendsandreceives3,339textsamonth—morethan100perday,accordingtotheNielsenCo.,themediaresearchfirm.Adultsarecatchingup.Peoplefromages45to54sentandreceived323textsamonthinthesecondquarterof2010,up75%fromayearago,Nielsensays.Behindthetextingexplosionisafundamentalshiftinhowweviewourmobiledevices.Thattheyarephonesisincreasinglybesidethepoint.Partofwhat'sdrivingthetextingsurgeamongadultsisthepopularityofsocialmedia.SiteslikeTwitter,withpostingsofnomorethan140characters,arecreatingandreinforcingthehabitofcommunicatinginmicro-bursts.Andthesesitesalsoarepumpingupsheervolume.ManyTwitterandFacebookdevoteescreatesettingsthatalertthem,viatextmessage,everytimeatweetormessageisearmarkedforthem.InOctober2009,400milliontextsalertedsocial-mediauserstosuchnewmessagesacrossAT&T'swirelessnetwork,saysMarkCollins,AT&Tseniorvicepresidentfordataandvoiceproducts;bySeptember2010,then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