2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题(第一套)及答案PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyearoutofcollege,manywereatalosstoexplainit.Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap-thatwomenfallbehindwhentheyleavetheworkforcetoraisekids,forexample,orthattheydon'tseekasmanymanagementroles-failedtojustifythisone.Theseyoungwomendidn'thavekidsyet.Andbecausetheywerejustoneyearremovedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees,fewofthesewomenyethadthechancetogoafter(muchlessdecline)leadershiproles.Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent.Thefirstisthatnomatterhowmanywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees,theuniversityexperienceisstillanunequalone.Thesecondisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconsequencesofourstudents'yearsoncampus.Nowthatwomenarethemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot.Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses,tendtomajorinlessrigorous(非常严格的)subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.Asaresult,it'snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused,stillstumbling(栽倒)overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'generationsoughttodestroy.Aretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmart?Strongorsexy(性感的)Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassion-topursuescienceandsports,mathandtheater-anddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.56.Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause______.A)theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscoursesB)theydonotfeelasfitformanagementrolesC)theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathomeD)theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'shighereducationsystem?A)Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen.B)Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates.C)Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'specialneeds.D)Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'scollegeexperience?A)Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents.B)Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations.C)Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect.D)ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents.59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?A)Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.B)Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous.C)Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.D)Theydon'tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool.60.Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?A)Womenaretoowornouttobeambitious.B)Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.C)Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily.D)Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Headingleadershipliterature,you'dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.Idon'tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IseewayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoaresadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself-assessmentbythosewhoaspireto(追求)leadershipinthefirstplace.We'veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge.Whetherit'sadecision-makingsession,abasketballgame,orafamilyouting,theycan'thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife.Theybelievethey'renaturalbornleaders.Truthis,they'renothingofthesort.Trueleadersdon'tassumethatit'stheirdivine(神圣的)right,totakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether.Quitetheopposite.Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits,andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,and/ortheneedsofthemomentdemandit.Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct.Facedwithanysituationthatcan'tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity,theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume:iftheythinkyouaren'tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn'ttheironlytool.Infact,itisn'teventheirprimarytool.Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse:answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.Theyknowit'svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant.Ifyou'retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren'tleadingatall,you'redictating.Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows?A)Manyofthemareusedtotakingcharge.B)Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions.C)Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential.D)Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.62.Whyaresomepeopleeagert