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2014年12月四级真题（第1套）第一套：PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheriseoftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopmentsinhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph.Overtwobillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymoreinformationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,oftenusingWeb-connectedmobiledevicestheycarryeverywhere.ButtheInternet'stremendousimpacthasonlyjustbegun.MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,thistimetheeffectsarefullyglobal,SchmidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbook,TheNewDigitalAge.PerhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeopleworldwidewhocurrentlylackInternetaccessgetonline.TheauthorsdoanexcellentjobofexaminingtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals,governments,andinstitutionslikethenewsmedia.Butffthebookhasonemajorshortcoming,it'sthattheauthorsdon'tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternetbusinessesinthesesweepingchanges.Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethatdescribes--andmoreimportantlypredicts--howtheInternetwillshapeourlivesinthecomingdecades.Theypaintapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andonevirtual.Atthecoreofthebookistheideathattechnologyisneutral,butpeoplearen't.Byusingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthenowfamiliaroptimistvs.pessimistdichotomy(对立观点)thathascharacterizedmanyrecentdebatesaboutwhethertheriseoftheInternetwillultimatelybegoodorbadforsociety.InaninterviewwithTIMEearlierthisweek,Cohensaidalthoughheandhisco-authorareoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,they'realsorealisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeoplecomeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance(监视).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.InwhatwayistheriseoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph?A．Ittransformshumanhistory.B．Itfacilitatesdailycommunication.C．Itisadoptedbyallhumanity.D．Itrevolutionizespeople'sthinking.57.HowdoSchmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternet?A．Theyareimmeasurable.B．Theyareworldwide.C．Theyareunpredictable.D．Theyarecontaminating.58.InwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?A．ItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.B．ItfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.C．ItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusinesses.D．ItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.59.Whatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?A．Peoplewillbelivingintwodifferentrealities.B．Peoplewillhaveequalaccesstoinformation.C．Peopledon'thavetotraveltoseetheworld.D．Peopledon'thavetocommunicatefacetoface.60.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?A．TheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.B．TheyareoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.C．Theyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.D．Theydon'ttakesidesinanalyzingtheeffectsoftheInternet.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetandkeepajobintheautoindustry.Andinthatyeartheaverageautoworkercouldmeetmonthlymortgage(抵押贷款)paymentsonanaveragehomewithjust13.4percentofhistake-homepay.Todayasimilarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareofhismonthlyearnings.Othermembersoftheautoworker'sfamily,however,mightbelessinclinedtotradethepresentforthepast.Hisretiredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesseconomicsecuritybackthen.Throughoutmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10percentin2010.Inmoststates,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracreditcardinherownname.In42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaverage,theyearned40percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts(职位相对的人),whileraciallyrestrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburbanneighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking-classfamilies.Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthesolutionisnottogobacktothepast.Somepeoplemaylongforanerawhendivorcewasstillhardtocomeby.Thespreadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargainingpowerofwhicheverspouseismoreinterestedincontinuingtherelationship.Andthebreakupofsuchmarriageshascausedpainformanyfamilies.Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnewchallenges.Accord-ingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelievethattheircurrentfamilyisascloseastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orcloser.Findingwaystoimprovethelivesoftheremaining20percentseemsmorerealisticthantryingtorestoreanimaginarygoldenage.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答61.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?A．Theyhadlessjobsecuritythantheydotoday.B．Itwasnottoodifficultforthemtobuyahouse.C．Theirearningswereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.D．Theywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.6