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中药生药草药民族药地产药材道地药材中成药海洋生药学药用植物学植物化学植物化学分类学生药拉丁名学名来源混淆品类同品伪品代用品掺伪天然产物化学成分有效成分traditionalChinesedrugcrudedrugmedicinalherbethnicdrugnativedrugfamous-regiondrugChinesepatentmedicinemarinepharmacognosymedicinalbotanyphytochemistryplantchemotaxonomyLatinnameofcrudedrugscientificnamesourceadulterantallieddrugcounterfeitdrugsubstituteadulterationnaturalproductchemicalconstituenteffectiveconstituent主成分活性成分莽草酸途径乙酸一丙二酸途径乙酸-甲瓦龙酸途径单糖戊糖己精庚糖辛糖脱氧糖呋喃糖吡喃糖寡糖二糖三糖四糖五糖多糖淀粉菊糖黏液mainconstituentactiveconstituentshikimicacidpathwayacetate-malonatepathwayacetate-mevalonatepathwaymonosaccharidepentosehexoseheptoseoctosedeoxysaccharide,deoxysugarfuranosepyranoseoligosaccharidedisaccharidetrisaccharidetetrasaccharidepentosaccharidepolysaccharidestarchinulinmucilage树胶果胶半纤维素纤维素甲壳质肝素硫酸软骨素玻璃酸直链淀粉支链淀粉糖原费林试验苷糖杂体苷元苦杏仁酶氰苷酚苷多酚醛苷醇苷gumpectinhemicellulosecellulosechitinheparinchondroitinsulfatehyaluronicacidamyloseamylopectinglycogenFehlingtestglycosideheterosideaglyconeemulsincyanogenicglycoside,cyanogeneticglycosidephenolicglycosidepolyphenolaldehydeglycosidealcoholicglycoside吲哚苷树脂醇苷硫苷呫吨酮呫吨酮苷蒽醌蒽醌苷蒽酚氧化蒽酚蒽酮二蒽酮羟基蒽醌博恩特雷格反应黄酮类黄酮苷黄酮黄烷黄酮醇黄烷酮黄烷酮醇异黄酮异黄烷酮indoleglycosideresinolglycosidethioglycosidexanthonexanthonoidglycosideanthraquinoneanthraquinoneglycosideanthranoloxanthranolanthronedianthronehydroxyanthraquinoneBorntragerreactionflavonoidflavonoidglycosideflavoneflavaneflavonolflavanoneflavanonolisoflavoneisoflavanone新黄酮类双黄酮查耳酮环菠萝烷达玛烷胡萝卜烷木栓烷原萜烷螺甾烷羊毛甾烷花色素花色苷原花色素白花色素白花色素苷多烯色素色烷色酮橙酮皂苷皂苷元原皂苷元neoflavonoidbiflavonechalconecycloartanedammaranedancanefriedelaneprotostanespirostanelanostaneanthocyanidinanthocyaninproanthocyanidinleucoanthocyanidinleucoanthocyaninpolyenepigmentchromanechromoneauronesaponinsapogeninprosapogenin甾体皂苷甾体皂苷元三萜皂苷三萜皂苷元溶血指数泡沫试验强心苷强心苷元强心甾海葱甾蟾蜍甾植物脱皮甾醇一级苷原始苷次级苷凯—凯反应凯达试验莱加尔试验香豆素苷香豆素环烯醚萜苷steroidsaponinsteroidsapogenintriterpenoidsaponintriterpenoidsapogeninhaemolyticindexfoamtestcardiacglycosidecardiacaglyconecardenolidescillanolidebufanolidephytoecdysteroidprimaryglycosideprimitiveglycosidesecondaryglycosideKeller-Kilianireaction,K-KreactionKeddetestLegaltestcoumaringlycosidecoumariniridoidglycoside环烯醚萜裂环烯醚苷裂环烯醚萜苷木脂体木脂内酯新木脂体木素萜萜类半萜单萜倍半萜二萜三萜四萜多萜齐墩果烷挥发油精油鞣质鞣酸可水解鞣质iridoidsecoiridoidsecoiridoidglycosidelignanlignanolideneolignanligninterpeneterpenoidhemiterpenemonoterpenesesquiterpenediterpenetriterpenetetraterpenepolyterpeneoleananevolatileoilessentialoiltannintannicacidhydrolysabletannin缩合鞣质鞣酐鞣花鞣质没食子鞣质生物碱碘化汞钾试剂碘化铋钾试剂碘化钾碘试剂硅钨酸试剂磷钼酸试剂苦味酸试剂矾酸铵一浓硫酸试液钼酸铵一浓硫酸试液甲醛一浓硫酸试液双缩脲反应脂肪脂肪油去油蜡饱和脂肪酸condensedtanninphlobapheneellagitanningallotanninalkaloidMayer'sreagentDragendorff'sreagentWagner'sreagentBertrand'sreagent,silicotungsticacidreagentSonnenschein'sreagent,phospho-molybdicacidreagentHager'sreagent,picricacidreagentMandelintestsolutionFrohdetestsolutionMarquistestsolutionbiuretreactionfatfattyoilde-fattingwaxsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸皂化酸败有机酸树脂油树脂树胶树脂香树脂香脂酸苷树脂苦味素色素微量元素吖啶生物碱阿朴啡类生物碱苄基异喹啉生物碱双苄基异喹啉生物碱双吲哚生物碱咪唑生物碱吲哚生物碱吲哚联啶生物碱吲哚烷胺生物碱unsaturatedfattyacidsaponificationrancidityorganicacidresinoleoresingumresinbalsambalsamicacidglycosidalresinbitterprinciplepigmenttraceelementacridinealkaloidaporphinealkaloidbenzylisoquinolinealkaloidbisbenzylisoquinolinealkaloidbisindolealkaloidimidazolealkaloidindolealkaloidindolizidinealkaloidindolylalkylaminealkaloid异喹啉生物碱大环生物碱吗啡烷生物碱羟吲哚生物碱菲啶生物碱苯烷胺生物碱哌啶生物碱嘌呤生物碱吡啶生物碱吡咯生物碱吡咯联啶生物碱喹唑啉生物碱喹啉生物碱喹啉联啶生物碱甾体生物碱萜类生物碱四氢异喹啉生物碱莨菪烷莨菪烷生物碱除虫菊素类isoquinolinealkaloidmacrocyclicalkaloidmorphinanealkaloidoxindolealkaloidphenanthridinealkaloidphenylalkylaminealkaloidpiperidinealkaloidpurinealkaloidpyridinealkaloidpyrrolidinealkaloidpyrrolizidinealkaloidquinazolinealkaloidquinolinealkaloidquinolizidinealkaloidsteroidalkaloidterpenoidalkaloidtetrahydroisoquinolinealkaloidtropanetropanealkaloidpyrethroid