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HISTORYThemeaningandusageofthewordradiohasdevelopedinparallelwithdevelopmentswithinthefieldofcommunicationsandcanbeseentohavethreedistinctphases:electromagneticwavesandexperimentation;wirelesscommunicationandtechnicaldevelopment;andradiobroadcastingandcommercialization20thcenturyIn1900,BrazilianpriestRobertotransmittedthehumanvoicewirelessly.AccordingthenewspaperJornaldoComercio,heconductedhisfirstpublicexperimentonJune3,1900,infrontofjournalistsandtheGeneralConsulofGreatBritain,C.P.Lupton,inSãoPaulo,Brazil,foradistanceofapproximately5.0miles(8km).InJune1912Marconiopenedtheworld'sfirstpurpose-builtradiofactoryatNewStreetWorksinChelmsford,England.RadioenjoysalargenumberoflistenersintheUnitedKingdom.Therearearound600licensedradiostationsinthecountry.ThemostprominentstationsarethenationalnetworksoperatedbytheBBC.BBCRadio1broadcastsmostlycurrentpopmusicoutputonFManddigitalradio,withlivemusicthroughouttheyearBBCRadio2istheUnitedKingdom'smostlistened-toradiostation,featuringpresenterssuchasChrisEvansandTerryWogan,andplayingpopularmusicfromthelastfivedecadesaswellasspecialinterestprogrammesintheeveningBBCRadio3isaclassicalmusicstation,broadcastinghigh-qualityconcertsandperformances.Atnight,ittransmitsawiderangeofjazzandworldmusicBBCRadio4isacurrentaffairsandspeechstation,withnews,debateandradiodrama.ItbroadcaststhedailyradiosoapTheArchers,aswellasflagshipnewsprogrammeTodayBBCRadio5Livebroadcastslivenewsandsportscommentarywithphone-indebatesandstudioguestsCommercial&CommunityradioCommercialradioAlsoavailablenationallyarethreenationalcommercialchannels,namelyAbsoluteRadio,ClassicFMandtalkSPORT.AswiththeBBC,digitalradiohasbroughtaboutmanychanges,includingtheroll-outoflocalstationssuchasXfm,Kiss100andKerrangRadiotootherareasoftheUnitedKingdom.MostlocalcommercialstationsintheUnitedKingdombroadcasttoacityorgroupoftownswithinaradiusof20–50miles,withasecondtierofregionalstationscoveringlargerareassuchasNorthWestEngland.Communityradiostationsbroadcasttoasmallarea,normallywithina3mile(5km)radius,andarerequiredbytheActtobenot-for-profitorganisations,ownedbylocalpeople,onwhichthebroadcastersaremostlyvolunteers.asadistinctthirdtierofradiointheUnitedKingdom.ThecommunityradiomovementintheUnitedKingdomwasfoundedinthemid-1970s,broadcastingthroughRestrictedServiceLicences,theinternetandcable.UKpirateradio(unlicensedillegalbroadcasting)waspopularinthe1960sandexperiencedanothersurgeofinterestinthe1980s.[1]Therearecurrentlyanestimated150intheUK.PirateradiointheUKfirstbecamewidespreadintheearly1960s.Atthetimethesestationswerenotillegalbecausetheywerebroadcastingfrominternationalwaters.Thestationsweresetupbyentrepreneursandmusicenthusiaststomeetthegrowingdemandforpopandrockmusic,whichwasnotcateredforbythelegalBBCRadioservicesThefirstBritishpirateradiostationwasRadioCaroline,whichstartedbroadcastingfromashipofftheEssexcoastin1964.By1967tenpirateradiostationswerebroadcastingtoanestimateddailyaudienceof10to15million.