阅读理解试题分析与答题技巧(二)

阅读理解试题分析与答题技巧（二）Thegreatestlessonoflifeisthatyouareresponsibleforyourlife.人生最重要的功课是你要为你的人生负责。词义猜测一、题型特点这类试题主要考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。二、题干表现形式：1.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans___.2.Theword“it”inthelastsentencerefersto___.3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?4.Theword“satiated”roughly（大致）means___.5.Theunderlinedword“peseta”inparagraph2inakindof__.6.Whatdoesthephrase“amuchbiggername”inparagraph1mostnearlymean?三.应试技巧1.猜测生词含义（请写出有下划线词的中文意思及选择题的答案，不可查字典）1）定义信号词(signalword)：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas，破折号-----Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood.蚊子2）对比关系(correlation)信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.节俭（2012全国卷2D）EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.Whatdoestheword“areplica”inParagraph2referto?CA.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucyC.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.3）因果关系（causalrelationship）信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.有弹性的4）举例法(examples)信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistofCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelts,headlights,andgoodbrakes.装置/设备5）重述(restatement)信号词:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherwayAllwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.有牙齿的6）同义词(synonym)、近义词(near-synonym)信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameasMotherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.圆胖的7）生活常识Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.波纹/涟漪2.代词指代题通常代词是被用于代指上文提到的内容。（2012天津卷D）Youaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimoracreator.Whenyouchoosetobeavictim,theworldisacoldanddifficultplace.Theydidthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyoupainandsuffering.Q：Whatdoestheword“they”probablyreferto?AA.Peopleandthingsaroundyou.B.OpportunitiesandproblemsC.CreatorsandtheirchoicesD.Victimsandtheirsufferings3.句意猜测题考生需要通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行直接或解释性的描述。（2012山东卷A）Thewordscomeouttomeinthesametonewithafixedprocedure.Theyarespokenatme,nottome.Obviously,theconcernformydayandeveryone’sisthemanagement’sattempttoincreasebusiness.Q：Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?DA.ThesalesgirlisrudeB.Thesalesgirlisbored.C.Thesalesgirlcaresaboutme.D.thesalesgirlsaysthewordsasaroutine(例行公事).细节理解一、题型特点这类试题主要考查学生快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定信息或理解特定信息的能力。该类试题要求考生在做题时培养快速定位相关细节的能力。二、题干表现形式：1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue2．Whichofthequestionshasbeenmentionedinthepassage?3．Whatisthereasonthat...?4．Whatdoweknowabout...?5．Howdidthepeopleknowthecouple’sproblem?6．Whywasthebikesoimportanttothecouple?三、解题技巧1)直接信息题(directinformationproblems)直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。（2011新课标A）WhenIwasaboygrowingupinNewJerseyinthe1960s,wehadamilkmandeliveringmilktoourdoorstep.HisnamewasMr.Basille.Heworeawhitecapanddroveawhitetruck.Asa5-year-oldboy,Icouldn’ttakemyeyesoffthecoinchangerfixedtohisbelt.Henoticedthisonedayduringadeliveryandgavemeaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger.56.MrBasillegavetheboyaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger__C.A.toshowhismagicalpower.B.topayforthedeliveryC.tosatisfyhiscuriosity.D.topleasehismother.(2)间接信息题(indirectinformationproblems)这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地加工处理，根据信息做简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。(3)数据理解题(datacomprehensionproblems)要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关系。MostT-shirtswornatatime……KrunoslavBudiselisetanewworldrecordonMay22,2010forwearing245T-shirtsatthesametime.ThemanfromCroatiawasofficiallyrecognizedasthenewholderbyGuinnessWorldRecordsafterhemanagedtoputon245differentT-shirtsinlessthantwohours.TheT-shirtsweighed68kgandBudiselisaidhebeganstrugglingaroundT-shirtsNo.120.HedethronedtheSwedishGuinnessrecordholderwhowore238T-shirts.Q:HowmanyT-shirtshadKrunoslavBudiseliputonbeforehefeltitdifficulttogoon?A.68B.120C.238D.245【解析】B。数据理解题。根据文章中的“BudiselisaidhebeganstrugglingaroundT-shirtsNo.120”可知，他在穿了120件后感觉有点吃力了推理判断题一、题型特点需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未遇到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。二、题干表现形式：Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat___.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers?Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite____.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_______.Whoaremostlikelytobethereadersofthepassage?三、解题技巧1.严格按照文章中所给的信息进行推理，不能掺杂自己的主观想法。2.不能是阅读材料的简单重复。3.如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，但文章没有涉及，也不是正确答案。4.如果某选项所表达的内容在文章中提到但不完整，也不是正确答案。Passage1（2010山东卷A）Thesedays,Thomas’smainfocusishischarity,FightIt,whichprovidesmedicinesandsuppliestopeople—225todate—whocan’taffordadiabetic’shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghasraisedabout$23,000—inproductsandincash.InMay,ThomaswillholdthefirstannualDiabeticRockstarFesti