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GrammarandusageThislessonisboring.Therearesleepingstudentsinclass.（表语）（定语）主动被动一般doing完成verb-ing的时态和语态beingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone完成主动式1.Havingfinishedherhomework,shewenttobed.2.___________(听到）this,thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction.分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能做定语用。havingheard完成被动式：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。Havingbeenpraisedasecondtime,Idecidedtomakestillgreaterprogress._________________（被要求）tostay,Icouldn’tverywellleave.Havingbeenasked否定式(在其前面加not/never)Hesatthere,____________(不知道）whattosay.__________________(没收到来信）hersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.NothavingheardfromNotknowing现在分词语法功能定语表语宾语补足语状语3.ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.2.ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.1.arunningman一、V-ingusedasattribute:ThefactorymakingTVsetsisverylarge.＝ThefactorywhichmakesTVsetsisverylarge.小结:V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系。单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后，此时相当于一个定语从句。他对母亲的关爱很感人。Hisconcernforhismotheris_____________.二、V–ingusedaspredicativetouching/moving-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,表示主语的性质Thefilmisinteresting.小提示：动名词和现在分词可用very来鉴别:在v-ing前加上very句意说得通的是现在分词,说不通的是动名词.interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的2.Wenoticedalotofpeople_________(wait)toenterthestadium.三、V-ingusedasObjectComplement:1.Wesawsomestudents_______(play)basketballontheplayground.playingwaitingV-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：小结：make,let,have,keep,leave,see,watch,hear,notice,find,feel等。V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作,同宾语存在逻辑主谓关系。小结：1.Hewasoftenheard____________(sing)theEnglishsongs.2.Hewasheard_____________(sing)theEnglishsongwhenIpassedby.3.Heleftthefire_____________(burn)allnight.4.Thestudentwascaught___________(cheat)intheexam.PracticeFillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.tosingsingingburningcheating1.Withsomanydifficultproblems________(solve),hecouldtravelwithhiswife.2.Withsomanydifficultproblems___________(solve),hecouldn’ttravelwithhiswife.3.Withtheman_________(solve)somanydifficultproblems,hecouldtravelwithhiswife.solvedtosolveslovingwith+宾语+todoWith+宾语+doneWith+宾语+doing四、V-ingusedasanadverbial:V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、让步等状语。-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。1.作时间状语收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。___________________________,Idecidedtowriteback.=__________________________,IdecidedtowritebackHavingreceivedhisletterAfterIhadreceivedhisletter，当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，可以和when,after等引导的时间状语从句互换_______thebadnews,hecouldn’thelpburstingintotears.A.HeardB.HavingheardC.HearingD.Havingbeenheard_______totheschoolbuilding,thevisitorswereledtoseethelibrary.A.BeingshownB.ShownC.HavingbeenshownD.Havingshown、Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.=Because/since/ashewassoangry,…2.作原因状语________________________,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.、Because/As/Sincewedidn’tknowhisaddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.Notknowinghisaddress，•_______________(suffer)fromheartdiseaseforyears,hehadtotakemuchmedicine.•_________________________fromheartdiseaseforyears,hehadtotakemuchmedicine.HavingsufferedAs/Becausehehadsuffered-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。3.作条件状语比较：__________,andyouwillsucceed.Workhardand•___________(prepare)fully,wecanachievegreatthings.•If____________fully,wecanachievegreatthings.•___________fully,andwecanachievegreatthings.PreparingwepreparePrepare比较下面三个句子andIfThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,whichmakestheairdirty.Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,________theairdirty.makingShedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,________(cause)hertokeepaslimfigure.4.作结果状语whichcausesThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke.___________，theairismadedirty.Asaresult,Asaresult,shekeeps…causingThecouplewentshopping.Asaresult,theylefttheireldestdaughteraloneathome.=Thecouplewentshopping,________(leave)theireldestdaughteraloneathome.=Thecouplewentshopping,__________theireldestdaughteraloneathome.(用非限制性定语从句）leavingwhichleftShehurriedtotherailwaystation,________________(tell)thetrainhadgone.onlytobetoldTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theycameintotheclassroomandtheysangandlaughed.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。5.作伴随状语•Thestudentscamein,______________(follow)theirteacher.•Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_____________(bring)meafullbasketoffreshfruits.followingbringing1.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。小结:1)a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2)a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.Choosethecorrectsentence.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构叫做分词的独立结构。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。3.例如：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。WhenIwaswaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。Iftimepermits,we'lldoanothertwo…独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语构成独立主格结构的特点：1.