德国留学前的必备知识

WelcometotheLandofIdeas!StudyinginGermanyStudyinginGermany|Page2•FactsaboutGermany•TheGermanAcademicExchangeService•TheGermanuniversitysystem•StudyinginGermany•DoctoralprogrammesinGermany•MoreinformationContentsStudyinginGermany|Page3FactsaboutGermany•X-rays–WilhelmConradRöntgen,1895•Aspirin–Bayer,1897•Toothpaste–OttomarHeinsiusvonMayenburg,1907•Television–ManfredvonArdenne,1930•MP3–Fraunhofer-Institut,KarlheinzBrandenburg,1995•Automobile–KarlBenz,GottliebDaimler,1886•Airbag–MercedesBenz,1971GermaninventionsanddiscoveriesStudyinginGermany|Page4FactsaboutGermany•Literature:GünterGrass,1999;HertaMüller,2009•Chemistry:GerhardErtl,2007•Physics:KlausvonKlitzing,1985;TheodorW.Hänsch,2005;PeterGrünberg,2007•Medicine:ChristianeNüsslein-Volhard,1995;HaraldzurHausen,2008•Economics:ReinhardSelten,199425GermanNobellaureatesinthelast25years,including:GermanNobelPrizewinnersStudyinginGermany|Page5FactsaboutGermany•Mercedes,BMW,VW•Puma,Adidas•Bayer•Siemens,SAPGermancorporationsStudyinginGermany|Page6FactsaboutGermany•Population:80.5million,about7millionforeigncitizens•Geographiclocation:IntheheartofEurope,diverselandscapes,mountains,coastalregions,NorthandBalticSeas•Climate:TemperaterangingfromMediterraneantoContinentalclimatesBerlinHamburgCologneFrankfurta.M.MunichPolandCzechRepublicAustriaItalySwedenDenmarkGreatBritainFranceNetherlandsBelgiumSwitzerlandLuxembourgBalticSeaNorthSeaGeographyStudyinginGermany|Page7FactsaboutGermany•Morethan2.6millionstudentsinGermany,nearly12%foreigners.•MostforeignstudentscomefromChinaandRussia.ForeignstudentsinGermanySource:StatistischesBundesamt,2014StudyinginGermany|Page8FactsaboutGermanyOriginofforeign-educatedstudents(Bildungsausländer)inGermanyOriginofforeignstudentsSource:Wissenschaftweltoffen,2013Europe56%Asia29.1%Africa8.1%TheAmericas6.2%Other0.6%StudyinginGermany|Page9FactsaboutGermany•Multiculturalsociety•LargestimmigrantgroupsfromTurkey,Poland,Italy,Serbia,Croatia,Greece,Romania,Russia•Individualnationalitiescultivatetheirownlanguageandcultureatnationally-specificculturalinstitutions.CulturalandreligiousdiversityinGermanyStudyinginGermany|Page10FactsaboutGermanyTheGermanconstitutionguaranteesallcitizensthefreedomofreligion:“Freedomoffaithandofconscience,andfreedomtoprofessareligiousorphilosophicalcreed,shallbeinviolable.“•Approximately60%oftheGermanpopulationareChristians,comprisedalmostequallyofProtestantsandCatholics.•Approximately5%ofthepopulationareMuslims.•GermanyisalsohometoJews,Hindus,BuddhistsandOrthodoxChristians.CulturalandreligiousdiversityinGermanySource:BundeszentralefürpolitischeBildung,2014StudyinginGermany|Page11TheGermanAcademicExchangeService•IndependentorganisationofGermaninstitutionsofhighereducation•Members:239universitiesandresearchinstitutes,122studentbodies•HeadquartersinBonn•15foreign-basedbranchofficesand55informationcentres•Morethan250differentprogrammes•About75,000scholarshiprecipientseachyearWhatistheDAAD?StudyinginGermany|Page12GoalsandtasksoftheDAADDerDeutscheAkademischeAustauschdienstThreestrategicareasofactivity•Grantscholarshipsforthebestsothattheprofessionalsandleadersoftomorrowcangainqualificationsatthebestlocations,prepareforpositionsofresponsibilityandcultivatecontactsthroughouttheworld.•StructuresforinternationalisationsothathighereducationinstitutionscanimprovethequalityofresearchandinstructionandaddressthechallengesofthefuturewithstrongpartnerssothatmorepeoplecancrossbordersandachievesuccessinstudyandresearchsothatGermanremainsanimportantlanguageofcultureandscholarshipsothathighereducationinstitutionsmaycontributetodevelopmentandbuildbridgestosurmountconflicts.•Expertiseforacademiccollaborationsothatacademicandpoliticalleadersareabletomakewell-informedpolicydecisions.StudyinginGermany|Page13DAAD-Budget2013FederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ):€40million=9 %EuropeanUnion(EU):€58million=14 %Otherfundingbodies:€41million=10 %FederalForeignOffice(AA):€181million=43 %FederalMinistryofEducationandResearch(BMBF):€100million=24 %420Mio.EUR*Figures:2013OtherEUBMZBMBFAATotal:StudyinginGermany|Page14TheGermanAcademicExchangeServiceNetworkStudyinginGermany|Page15TheGermanuniversitysystem•Humboldt’svisionofeducation:“Unityandfreedomofresearchandinstruction”•Richdiversityofinstitutionsandprogrammesatahighacademiclevel•About430institutionsofhighereducationinGermany,oldestuniversities:Heidelberg,Cologne,Erfurt•Morethan300,000instructorsandresearchersatGermanuniversitiesUniversitytraditionSource:Wissenschaftweltoffen,2013StatistischesBundesamt,2014StudyinginGermany|Page16TheGermanuniversitysystem•Universities•Technicaluniversities•Universitiesofappliedsciences•Collegesofmusic,artandfilm•PrivatecollegesandacademiesInstitutionsofhighereducationStudyinginGermany|Page17TheGermanuniversitysystem•Total:106•Focusonmethodicalandtheoreticalknowledge•Studentsmaychoosecoursesofinterest,notallcoursesareprescribed•Research-basedfinalthesis•Widerangeofsubjects•Degrees:bachelor’s,master’s,doctoral,postdoctoral,aswellastraditionalGermandegrees(D