第三章烯烃1.写出烯烃C6H12的所有同分异构体,命名之,并指出那些有顺反异构体。CH2=CCH2CH2CH3CH3CH3CH3C=CHCH2CH3CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2CH31-己烯CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH32-己烯有顺反异构CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH33-己烯有顺反异构2-甲基-1-戊烯有顺反异构2-甲基-2-戊烯有顺反异构CH3CHCH3CH=CHCH3CH3CCH3HCH2CH=CH2CH2=CHCHCH2CH3CH3CH3CH=CCH3CH2CH3CH2=CCH3CHCH3CH3CH3C=CCH3CH3CH34-甲基-2-戊烯有顺反异构4-甲基-1-戊烯3-甲基-1-戊烯有顺反异构3-甲基-2-戊烯有顺反异构2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯2、写出下列各基团或化合物的结构式:(1)乙烯基:CH2=CH—(2)丙烯基:CH3CH=CH—(3)烯丙基:CH2=CHCH2—(4)异丙烯基:CH3C=CH2(5)4-甲基-顺-2-戊烯:(7)(Z)-3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯:3.命名下列化合物,如有顺反异构现象,写出顺反(或)Z-E名称:CH3CH2CH2C=CH2CH3CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3C=CCH2CH3CH3ClC=CCH3CH2CH3CH3CHCH3ClC=CFIBr(1)2-乙基-1-戊烯(2)(E)-3,4-二甲基-3-庚烯(3)(E)-2,4-二甲基-3-氯-3-己烯(4)(Z)-1-氟-2-氯-溴-1-碘乙烯(5)反-5-甲基-2-庚烯C=CCH3CH2CH3C2H5CH3HHHCH3nPriPrC=CEtMeMeC=CnBtEtMe(6)(E)-3,4-二甲基-5-乙基-3-庚烯(7)(E)-3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯(8)(E)-3,4-二甲基-3-辛烯5、2,4-庚二烯是否有顺反异构现象?如有请写出他们所有的顺反异构体,并命名。解答:有顺反异构体,具体如下:6、3-甲基-2-戊烯在下列条件下的主要产物解答:8.试以反应历程解释下列反应结果:(CH3)3CCH=CH2+H2OH+(CH3)3CCHCH3OH+(CH3)2CCH(CH3)2OH加热,加压解:反应历程:(CH3)3CCH=CH2+H+CH3CCH3CH3CH+CH3CH3CCH3CH3CH+CH3+H2OCH3CCH3CH3CHCH3CH3CCH3CH3CHCH3OH2+H+CH3CCH3CH3CHCH3+CH3COH2CH3CH3CHCH3CH3COHCH3CH3CHCH3H2O+OH9.试给出经臭氧化,锌纷水解后生成下列产物的烯烃的结构:CH3CH2CHOHCHO,CH3CH2CH=CH2CCH3CH3CHOO,CH3CH2CH3CH2CH3C=CHCH3CH3CHO,CH2CHOCHOCCH3CH3O,CH3CH=CHCH2CHCCH3CH310、以丙烯为原料,选择必要的无机试剂制备下列化合物。解答:11.某烯烃催化加氢得2-甲基丁烷,加氯化氢可得2-甲基-2-氯丁烷,如果经臭氧化并在锌纷存在下水解只得丙酮和乙醛,写出给烯烃的结构式以及各步反应式:解:由题意得:H2CH3CH3CHCH2CH3HClCH3CHCH2CH3CH3ClO3Zn/CH3COOH/H2OCH3CCH3O+CH3CHOA则物质A为:CH3CCH3=CHCH312、解答:15、解答: