分类号:TP29编号:BY15515211/12/214-0801XXXX大学本科毕业论文题目:四轴联动简易机械手PLC控制系统设计院系:xxxx学院专业:电气工程及其自动化班级:学生姓名:指导教师:论文提交日期:2012年6月21日论文答辩日期:2012年6月26日毕业设计(论文)任务书电气工程及其自动化专业0801班学生:毕业设计(论文)题目:四轴联动简易机械手PLC控制系统设计毕业设计(论文)内容:熟悉工艺流程,利用S7-200系列PLC完成四轴联动简易机械手控制系统设计,并进行相应电气系统设计,绘制系统接线图,编程,调试等。毕业设计(论文)专题部分:系统检测点统计,硬件选型,电气系统设计,使用STEP7MICRO/WIN组态软件编程,并使用仿真软件进行调试。起止时间:2012年03月---2012年06月指导教师:签字年月日教研主任:签字年月日学院院长:签字年月日摘要可编程序控制器(Programmablelogiccontroller)简称PLC,因其可靠性高、环境适应性强、灵活通用、使用方便、维护简单,应用领域在迅速扩大。尤其是近几年来,PLC的成本下降,功能又不断增强,在国内外已被广泛应用于各个行业,已经与工业生产完美的结合在一起。机械工业的发展中,机械手已经广泛应用在各种自动化生产线上。搬运机械手的控制一直是机械手领域重要的研究课题之一。机械手作为一种重要的工业设备,在当今工业生产中占着举足轻重的位置本次设计以某机械手模型作为平台,设计控制系统。该系统利用步进电动机单位脉冲所具有的步进距离不变的特点,对其采用开环点位控制,将整个运动视为折线运动,每一个动作可视为运动程序相同、特征参数各异的点位相对运动。其中如何用PLC准确的控制步进电机的位置与速度将成为本次设计的难点。本文重点分析了基于PLC的机械手控制系统组成,根据课题的控制要求,确定搬运机械手的控制方案,设计控制系统电气原理图,进行控制系统电气元器件选型,完成PLC用户程序的设计,通过模拟调试,有序的控制物料从生产流水线上安全搬离,提高搬运工作的准确性、安全性,实现一套完整的生产线,使制造过程变的更有效率。关键词:机械手;PLC;步进电机;梯形图AbstractProgrammableisreferredastothePLC.Withthehighreliability,adaptabilityinenvironmentandflexibility,thePLCiswidelyusedandexpandinginthefieldsofapplication.Especiallyinrecentyears,thelowcost,increasedfeaturewithoutenhancement,therefore,hecurrentPLChasbeenwidelyusedinvariousindustriesinlandandabroad,andhasbeenwiththeindustryproductionperfectlyunifiesintogether.WiththedevelopmentofMachineryindustry,themanipulatorhasbeenusedwidelyinvariousautomaticproductionlines.Carryingmanipulatorcontrolhasbeenimportantresearchprobleminmanipulatorfield.Asanimportantindustrialequipment,manipulatorisadecisivepositioninthemodernindustrialproduction.Thisdesignwithamanipulatormodelasaplatform,designcontrolsystem.ThesystemusedbytheSteppingMotorunitpulseofstepwiththecharacteristicsofthesamedistancefromtheirpointofusingopen-loopcontrol.Sothewholemovementcouldbeseenasbrokenlinemovement,everyactioncanbeconsideredthesameassports,characteristicsofdifferentparametersofthepointofrelativemovement.AmongthemhowtousePLCaccuratecontrolofthesteppingmotor'spositionandspeedwillbethedifficultyofthisdesignThispapermainlyanalyzestherobotcontrolsystembasedonPLCcomposition.Accordingtothecontrolrequirements,determinethesubjectofcarryingmanipulatorcontrolplan,designcontrolsystemtocontrolelectricaldiagram,electricalcomponentsselection,completesystemuserprogramdesign,PLC,orderedbysimulativedebuggingofcontrolthematerialmoveoutfromproductionlinesandimprovethesafetyoftheaccuracy,security,realizeacompletesetofproductionline,makemanufacturingprocessbecomemoreefficient.KeyWords:Manipulator;PLC;Steppingmotor;Ladder-diagram目录第一章绪论..............................................................................................11.1机械手的现状.................................................................................11.2机械手的发展.................................................................................11.3PLC的发展概况.............................................................................21.4PLC的定义.....................................................................................21.5PLC的特点.....................................................................................21.6PLC的工作原理.............................................................................31.7课题的目的和意义........................................................................5第二章机械手控制系统方案设计..........................................................62.1设计介绍........................................................................................62.2机械手基本结构............................................................................62.3机械手运行的工艺过程................................................................72.4控制方案设计................................................................................8第三章控制系统硬件设计......................................................................93.1PLC的选型及参数.........................................................................93.2电气元器件的选型及参数..........................................................103.2.1步进电机的选型..................................................................103.2.2步进电机驱动......................................................................113.2.3直流减速电机......................................................................123.2.4继电器..................................................................................123.2.5光电开关..............................................................................123.2.6行程开关..............................................................................133.2.7低压断路器..........................................................................133.2.8控制按钮..............................................................................133.2.9熔断器..................................................................................133.3PLC外部接线图...........................................................................143.3.1机械手电源回路..................................................................143.3.2机械手输入信号回路..........................................................153.3.3机械手输出信号回路......................................