hnd经济学2世界经济学

F86E35Economics2:TheWorldEconomyEconomics2:TheWorldEconomyF86E35CandidateName:RENLUGradeandClass:2013BA1F86E35Economics2:TheWorldEconomyIntroduction...............................................................................................................................31.Freetrade...............................................................................................................................42.Absoluteadvantagesandcomparativeadvantages................................................................43.Thebenefitsoffreetrade.......................................................................................................54.Thepurposeofcarryingouttradeprotectionism...................................................................75．OneMechanismoftheWorldTradeOrganization.............................................................76.OnemeasureofEuropeanUnionpromoteseconomicintegration........................................87.Balanceofpayments..............................................................................................................98.ThegeneraltrendsinUKtradeoverthelast30year..........................................................129.Thebalanceofpaymentsaffectedbyexchangerates..........................................................1310.Advantagesanddisadvantagesoffixedrateandfloatingrate..........................................1411.Effectsoffixedrateandfloatingrateonindividualsandcompany..................................1612.Thecharacteristicsofthenewlyindustrializedcountriesandthedevelopingcountries...1813.Theissuesofthenewlyindustrializedcountriesandthedevelopingcountries................1914.TheinfluencesMulti-NationalCorporationsbringtonewlyindustrializedcountries......19Conclusion...............................................................................................................................21Reference.................................................................................................................................22F86E35Economics2:TheWorldEconomyIntroductionThisreporthasintroducedtheworldeconomicssimply.Thecontentincludes:Internationaltrade,freetrade,Protectionism,theroleofWTOandunder-developednation,UKabsoluteandcomparativeadvantage,theprotectionismandtworecentexamplesaboutdemonstrateargumentswhichgovernmentmayputforwardforitsuse,twobarriersoftrade,aEUinitiativeabouttheroleoftheEUinpromotingtrade,thecompositionofthebalanceofpayments,thegeneraltrendsinUKtradeoverthelast30years,thewaywhichthebalanceofpaymentsaffectedbyexchangerates,ananalysisoftwocurrentissuesthatfaceLDCs,andtheaidofrecentexamplesabouttwoimpactsofmultinationalsonNICsandLDCs.F86E35Economics2:TheWorldEconomyI.Freetrade(1).Freetradeisatypeoftradepolicythatallowstraderstoactandtransactwithoutinterferencefromgovernment.Thus,thepolicypermitstradingpartnersmutualgainsfromtrade,withgoodsandservicesproducedaccordingtothetheoryofcomparativeadvantage.China-ASEANfreetradeareawasformallyestablishedinJanuary1,2010,coveringapopulationof1900000000.China-ASEANfreetradearea’sGDPamountedto$6andtradeamountedto$4.5.Itisthelargestfreetradezoneamongdevelopingcountries.AftertheestablishmentofCAFTA,morethan90%productsarecarriedoutforzerotariffsonbothsides.AveragetariffsfromChinesetoASEANdecreasefrom9.8%to0.1%,AveragetariffsfromASEAN’ssixoldmemberstoChinesedecreasefrom12.8%to0.6%.Tariffs’hugereductionpromotedtherapidgrowthofbilateraltrade.ChinaandASEANcountries’tradeinvestmentgrows,economicintegrationdeepens,companiesandpeoplearewidelybenefit,realizinggoalsofmutualbenefitandwin-wincooperationandcommondevelopment.ChinaandASEAN’stotalquantityofbilateraltradegrowsrapidly.FromJanuarytoOctoberthisyear,thebilateraltradevolumehasreachedto$295900000000,ayear-on-yeargrowthof25.7%.(2).AbsoluteadvantagesandcomparativeadvantagesAbsoluteadvantagesissaidtooccurwhenonecountrycanproduceagoodorservicetopre-determinedqualitywithlessresourcesormorecheaplythananothercountry.Evenwhenacountryhasanabsoluteadvantageoveranothercountryintermsofcommoditiestheywishtotradeitwillstillbetotheirmutualadvantagetotradeprovidingeachcountryhasthecomparativeadvantages.UKisamajorimporterofmanufacturinggoodssuchclothes,shoes,toys,electronicF86E35Economics2:TheWorldEconomyproducesetc.astheselabororientedconsumergoodswillcostmoreinUKbefore1980s.UKhastheWiththedevelopmentofservice,theadvantageoftradeisservicetrade.Thegoodsthatcourtryimportandexportchangeovertimeasthegoodsinwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantagechangeovertime.Before1970s,manufacturingindustryisitsabsoluteadvantage.After1970s,serviceindustryismorecompetitiveforinternationaltradesuchascomputersoftware,businessserviceandpharmaceuticals.Theseindustryareseentobringthepossibilityoflongtermgrowth,whiletheindustriesbasedonheavycapitalinvestmentorrequiringrelativelycheaplaborwillnotbecompetitivewithdevelopingcountries.2.Thebenefitsoffreetrade(1).Goodsandservicesproducedatlowercost.Freetradecanpromotethecooperationofdifferentcountriesintheworld.Itcandecreasethecostofproducing