词汇量:5500多单词简单句并列句复合句词类名词和冠词动词代词和数词介词和连词形容词和副词非谓语动词动词时态...情态动词定语从句名词性从句状语从句高中英语语言知识语言运用虚拟语气听力阅读写作词法句法系动词助动词实义动词语态强调句型主谓一致倒装省略名词名词考点:1.单复数2.所有格3.可数名词不可数名词4.主谓一致I.可数名词的复数变法情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音+y结尾的词以辅音+o结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies有生命加-es,无生命加-s把f/fe改成vesbrothers;schoolsbuses;watches;dishesladies;countriesheroes;tomatoeszoos,photoshalves;leaves1.规则动词不规则名词单复数变化:(1)单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,works(工厂),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,SwissEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenGerman-GermansAmerican-Americans鹿羊鱼不分种类各种手段进工厂飞行器后都一致“中日瑞”友好是一致“英法”联盟a变e其余一律加s2)改变字母:man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,saleswoman–saleswomen,foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,mouse–micebasis-baseslouse-lice(3)增加字母:child--children,ox–oxen,男士女士a变e,鹅牙脚双o变双e孩子们想去天安门,原形后面ren老鼠虱子都爱牛(4)以o结尾的词:加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco加es:tomato,potato,hero,negroNegroesandheroesliketoeattomatoesandpotatoes.(5)以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s:roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es:life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief,shelf,self黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光(6)合成名词的复数形式:1.将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数:looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law②无主体名词将最后一部分变为复数:grown-up(s),go-between(s)(中间人),2.含man或woman的合成名词:它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如:amandoctor----twomendoctorswomanteacher---womenteachers注意:boystudents,girlfriends,ladydoctors一些名词经常以复数形式出现:trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,compasses圆规,scales天平,scissors剪刀裤子和眼镜,天平圆规和剪子s叮得紧,只因两条腿。A名词只能用复数形式的短语:•doexercises(做操)•takenotes(做笔记)•taketurns(轮流)•makefriendswith(交朋友)•shakehandswith(握手)•asfollows(如下)•inrags(衣衫褴褛)•indozens(成打的)II.不可数名词的”数”1.抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词,可数名词)insurprise惊讶地asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonor赢得荣誉anhonor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)byexperience靠经验anexperience一次经历youth青春ayouth一个青年人havepityonsb.怜悯某人apity可惜的事情withpleasure乐意apleasure乐事1.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.2.Hethoughthimselfafailure.3.Hehasgotrichexperienceaftermanyexperiences4.Thoughshelovesbeauty,sheisnotabeauty.5.Hegainssuccessinmarriage,butheisnotasuccessincareer.2.抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如:AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.必须牢记的不可数名词progressadvicefuninformationworkbaggageluggagenewsjewelryweatherequipmentknowledgehomeworkfurniture改错:1.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.2.Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledges.1)当不可数名词表示个体时,必须使用单位名词(量词)。apieceofadvice/bread/chalk/newsapairofglasses/shoes/trouserstwobottlesofink/milk/wine2)下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用。adviceweatherknowledgehomeworkprogressfunnewshouseworkinformationfurnituretraffic3)有些名词的用法随意义变化而不同。coffee(咖啡)acoffee(一杯咖啡)glass(玻璃)aglass(玻璃杯)man(人类)aman(男人)iron(铁)aniron(熨斗)room(空间)aroom(房间)work(工作)awork(著作)paper(报纸)apaper(报社)hair(头发)hairs(几根头发)III.名词单复数的特殊情况:(1)集体名词只用作复数:police,cattle,people,public,theyouth(2)集体名词用作不可数名词:clothing,furniture,luggage(baggage),wealth(3)集体名词视具体情况而定单复数:family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy(4)只有复数形式的名词:clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,,scissors,goods,wages,tears,(5)以s结尾但不表示复数:mathematics,physics,politics,,news,woods(森林),works(工厂)(6)有没有s结尾意义不同:glass–glasses,cloth–clothes,work–works,water–waters,wood–woods,good–goods,time–times(时代),paper–papers(论文)custom–customs(海关),(7)姓氏后加s并带冠词,表一家人或夫妇俩:theGreens;theChengs名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.单数名词后加“’s”*Tom’sbook*myfriend’suncle2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可*Teachers’Day*twoweeks’holiday3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes注意:但是有些表示时间、距离、国家、等无生命的东西的名词,可以加“‘s”来构成所有格。Today’snewspapertenminutes'walk,China‘sproblem,tomorrow’sweatherintwoyears’timetwohours’delay注意:twohours’delay=atwo-hourdelay:例如:Wehavetenminutes’break.Wehaveaten-minutebreak.4.用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语,主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系*apictureoftheclassroomthecoverofthebook.双重属格:限定词+名词+of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词强调左边的名词是右边名词的一部分:afriendofmyfather’s;twoclassmatesofminesomefriendsofmybrother’sthatbookofTim’s二.名词所有格的几个注意点1.可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略*myaunt’s(home)*gototheteachers’(office)2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”LucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房间(两人共有)Lucy’sandLily’sroom.露西的房间和莉莉的房间(两人各有)Ⅱ.语境感悟Two__1__(月)ago,Ihaddinnerat__2__(Mr.White)withtwo__3__(朋友)andthree__4__(英雄).Duringthedinner,Whitetalkedalotabouthis__5__(experience)inAmerica.Hetoldmethattheymetwithmany(difficult).Hegainedhis__8__(wealthy)byprintingworksoffamouswriters.Afterthedinner,hemadefive__9__(tea)forus.AsfarasIamconcerned,IthoughtMr.Whitefocusedtoomuchon(successful)becausehedidn'twanttobea__10__(fail).monthsMr.White'sfriendsheroesexperiencedifficultieswealthteassuccessfailure高考真题1.Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.2.Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.3.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.4.Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledges.5.Istayedhereforoneandahalfhourandmadesurethatthegirlwasallhopeyouunderstand.parentsyearsairhoursknowledge