英美文学-杰弗里乔叟-Geoffrey-Chaucer

LOGOGeoffreyChaucerPage2PositionofGeoffreyChacuera.thefatherofEnglishpoetryb.thefatherofEnglishfictionc.theforerunnerofEnglishrenaissanced.oneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEnglande.thefirstpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguagef.thefirstEnglishrealisticpoetPage31357年做宫廷侍童，1359年参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎回，1361年-1367年在内殿法学协会受训，1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响。1374年，乔叟任伦敦毛皮关税管理员，1382年兼任酒类及其它商品的关税管理员。1385年，乔叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二年被选为该郡骑士代表出席议会下院。1389年理查德亲政后，乔叟又先后担任过王室建筑工程主事和萨默塞特王室森林副主管。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺了官位和年金，经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》给刚登基的亨利四世，申诉自己的贫穷。1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角”(Poet'sCorner)，他也是第一位葬于此的诗人。BriefIntroductionPage4Chaucer’sliterarycareercanbedividedintothreeperiodscorrespondingwiththoseofhislife.(a)Frenchinfluence(1360-1372)(b)Italianinfluence(1372-1386)(c)Englishinfluence(1387-1400)LiteraryCareerPage5(a)Frenchinfluence(1360-1372)RomanceoftheRose《玫瑰传奇》trans.TheBookoftheDuchess（1369）《悼公爵夫人书》Page6(b)Italianinfluence(1372-1386)HewasespeciallyinfluencedbyDanteandBoccacio.Inthisperiod,hechieflyusedthe“heroic”stanzaofsevenlines.1.TheParliamentofFowls(1380)《百鸟议会》2.TroilusandCriseyde(1372-1384)《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》3.TheHouseofFame(1379-1384)《声誉之堂》4.TheLegendofGoodWomen(1386)《贞节妇女的传说》5.Filostrato《爱的摧残》trans.(Boccaccio薄伽丘Italy)6.TheConsolationofPhilosophy《哲学的慰籍》trans.(Boethius波伊提乌，Roman)Page7(c)Englishinfluence(1387-1400)ComplainttoHisEmptyPurse(1399)《致空囊》TheCanterburyTales(1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》(Masterpiece)Page8TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliterarylanguage,thebasisofwhichwasformedbytheLondondialect,soprofuselyusedbythepoet.Page9Thefirstcharacter,travelingwithhissquire侍从andyeoman仆人,isaknight骑士whorepresentsthenobility贵族:“Hewasaveryparfit,gentleknight.”Page10TheleaderofthereligiousgroupisaPrioress女修道院副院长,whospeaksFrenchwellandhasperfecttablemanners.Page11ThefavoriteofEnglishteachersisthe“clerk,”orstudent,whospendsallhislittlebitofmoneyonbooksinsteadoffood.Page12Themostvigorous有力的；精力充沛的characteristhelarger-than-lifeWifeofBathPage13Thecrudest粗野的，缺乏教养的characteristheMiller磨坊主；碾磨工Page14PrologueThePrologue开场isasplendidmasterpieceofrealisticportrayal,thefirstofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.FromthePrologue,wecanseethatChaucerisatalentedportraitpainter.EachofthepilgrimsornarratorsispresentedvividlyinthePrologue.ThepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland.Theyaretherepresentativesofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroups,withvariousinterests,tastesandpredilections.Page15PrologueThepilgrimsrangefromtheknight,thesquire,theprioress,throughthelandedproprietorandwealthytradesman,downtothedrunkencookandhumbleplowman.Therearealsomonks,nunsandpriests.Andtherearealsodoctors,alawyer,asummoner,asailor,amillerandOxfordscholar.WithafeelingofsympathyChaucerdescribestheClerk,apoorphilosopherwhospendsallhismoneyonbooks.AmongthepilgrimsthereisaWifefromthetownofBath,agailydressedmiddle-agedwidow,whohopestofindahusbandinCanterbury.Page16PrologueEachofthenarratorsrevealshisorherownviewsandcharacter.Chaucercreatedastrikingbrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.AndthusChaucer’srealism,trenchantironyandfreedomofviewsreachedahighlevelofpower.ItisnoexaggerationtosaythattheProloguesuppliesaminiatureoftheEnglishsocietyofChaucer’stime.Lookingathispicturegallery,weknowatoncehowpeoplelivedinthatera.SoChaucerwaspraisedas“thefatherofEnglishrealism”.Page17HeroicCouplet英雄双韵体Definition:Itreferstoapairofrhymedlinesofverseofequallengthwithnosyllablesand5stressesineachline.(pentametercouplet)E.g.AthousandtimeshaveIheardmentelleThatthereisjoyeinhevenandpeyneinhelle(alliterativeverse----metricalform)laidthefoundationoftheEnglishtonico-syllabicversePage18英雄双韵体(HeroicCouplet)英雄双韵体(HeroicCouplet)是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一个是轻音,第二个是重音.句式均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。拿四行诗的押韵方式为例，有abab型，有abcb型，有abba型，有aabb型，还有aaab型。第四种（aabb型）实际上是双行押韵，英语称之为couplet,如果每行五音步，则称之为“英雄双韵体”。Page19WheninAprilthesweetshowersfall,AndpiercethedroughtofMarchtotherootandallTheveinsarebathedinliquorofsuchpower,Asbringsabouttheengenderingoftheflower,夏雨给大地带来了喜悦，送走了土壤干裂的三月。沐浴着草木的丝丝茎络，顿时万花盛开，生机勃勃。Page20WhenalsoZephyruswithhissweetbreath,Exhalesanairineverygroveandheath-Uponthetendershoots,andtheyoungsunHishalf-courseinthesignoftheRamhasrun,西风轻吹，留下清香缕缕，田野复苏，吹出芳草绿绿；碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉。Page21AndthesmallfowlaremakingmelodyThatsleepawaythenightwithopeneye(sonaturepricksthemandtheirheartengages)小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美，迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡—Page22MyownViewsChaucer’spoetryisplainlynarrative.Everythingisbasedonreality.Throughhisnarrative,acomprehensivepictureofthesocietyispresentedbeforethereaders.ChaucerwroteintheLondondialectofhisday.InsodoingChaucergreatlyincreasedtheprestigeoftheEnglishlanguage.Heisreallyagreatman.Page23Theend,thankyou!Page24