真菌基因组数据库概况

微生物学通报AUG20,2008,35(8):1311~1318Microbiology©2008byInstituteofMicrobiology,[e-mail]基金项目：*通讯作者：Tel:[phone];:[e-mail]收稿日期：2008-01-15;接受日期：2008-04-14专论与综述真菌基因组数据库概况周建芬1曾昭清2高元钢2余知和2*(1.434023)(2.434025)摘要:阐明不同生物基因组DNA序列信息及破译相关遗传学背景的基因组学是生物学和医学研究的核心学科。最近十年来真菌基因组学研究发生根本性的变化,真菌已成为真核生物基因组研究的最佳模式生物。至2008年6月,近80种隶属于真菌、微孢子虫和卵菌的全基因组序列公布,代表着最广泛的真核生物,它们的基因组大小从2.5Mb~81.5Mb。本文整理了这些数据的相关信息。关键词:基因组,真菌,微孢子虫,卵菌,网络资源TheSummaryoftheDatabaseofFungalGenomesPubliclyAvailableZHOUJian-Fen1ZENGZhao-Qing2GAOYuan-Gang2YUZhi-He2*(1.TheLibrary,YangtzeUniversity,Jingzhou434023)(2.CollegeofLifeSciences,YangtzeUniversity,Jingzhou434025)Abstract:GenomicsthatindicatesDNAsequenceofgenomesofdifferentorganismsandtheirgeneticsbackgroundisacoreofdisciplinecloselyrelatedwithbiologyandmedicalresearch.Thelastdecadehaswitnessedarevolutioninthegenomicsofthefungalkingdomandfungihavebecomethebestmodelorgan-ismsoftheeukaryotes.ByJuneof2008,therewerelessthan80fungalgenomesthatwerecompletelyoralmostcompletelysequencedandpubliclyaccessiblerepresentingthewidestsamplingofgenomesfromanyeukaryotickingdom.Thesegenomesbelongingtotruefungi,MicrosporidiaandOomycesvaryinsizefromapproximately2.5Mbto81.5Mb.Thisreviewhereprovidesanoverviewofavailablefungalgenomes.Keywords:Genomes,Fungi,Microsporidia,Oomyces,Onlinesources1985,30,,1986ThomasRoderick199010,,2001626,DNADOI:10.13344/j.microbiol.china.2008.08.0081312微生物学通报2008,Vol.35,No.8[1]Schizosaccharomycespombe[2]Neurosporacrassa[3],,,2000Broad(fungalgenomeinitiative,FGI),20022FGI1520036,FGI,44,10PenicilliumAspergillusHistoplasmaCoccidioidesFusariumNeurosporaCandidaSchizosaccharomycesCryptococcusPuccinia,FGI(GénolevuresConsortium)(TheDOEJointGenomeInstitute,JGI)(TheInstituteforGenomicRe-search,TIGR)TheWellcomeTrustSangerIn-stitute,MonsantoSyngentaBiozentrumBayerCropScienceAGExelixis,,200861,3806[4],813,75,(Ascomycete)59(Basidiomycete)8(Zygomycete)2(Chytridiomycete)1(Microsporidia)1(Oomycete)4(1),AjellomycesdermatitidisAntonosporalocustae20,2.5Mb~81.5Mb,,(),,DNA,91真菌基因组学研究特色,,,,,,,[5,6]()[7],(),(clade),CandidacladeCoccidioidescladeFusariumcladeHistoplasmacladePenicillium/AspergilluscladeNeurosporacladeSchizosaccharomycesclade,CryptococcuscladePuccinicclade,(Saccharomycescerevisiae),,,10GénolevuresConsortium,Saccharomycescere-visiae,shuffling,:1313微生物学通报2008,Vol.35,No.8:1315微生物学通报2008,Vol.35,No.8部分完成全基因组序列的真菌种类(包括卵菌和微孢子虫)简介2.1子囊菌,,59,7,Aspergillusclavatus,——(patulin);A.fischeriNeosar-toryafischeri,,;Aspergillusflavus,,(aflatoxin);A.fumigatus,,;A.oryzae,;A.nidulans,;A.terreus——(lovastatin),——(citrinin)30Mb~37Mb,58,,[8]Candidaalbicans,,,,C.glabrata,C.tropicalis,,C.lusitaniaeClavisporalusitaniae,1,(candidemia),,,,Lodderomyceselongisporusclade,,,C.parapsilosisC.albicansC.tropicalis[9]CoccidioidesimmitisCoccidioidesposadasii,,(Coccidioidomycosis),,,,,144[10]Uncinocarpusreesii,,,,22,2000~3000Ajellomycescapsulatus,Histoplasmacapsulatum,,,,,,,7Botryotiniafuckeliana,200,,10~100,30,10000~12000Chaetomiumglobosum,,(mycotoxins),GibberellamoniliformisFusariumverticillioide,,,12:1317(vomitoxin)Magnaporthegrisea,Pyriculariagrisea,20,,DNA39Mb,7,10082,1100Sclerotiniasclerotiorum,,-,3Trichodermareesei,,7,,12Mb,16,6275,5800,23[1]SaccharomycesbayanusS.castelliiS.kluyveriS.kudriavzeviiS.mikataeS.paradoxus,500~2000,981612Mb,,,,DNA,13.8Mb,3,4997Schizosaccharomycesjaponicus,,,,Debaryomyceshan-seniiEremotheciumgossypiiKluyveromyceslactisK.waltiiPichiaguilliermondiiP.stipitisYarrowialipolytica,[11]2.2担子菌CoprinopsiscinereaCoprinuscinereus,,Cryptococcusneoformans,,,,,,14,6574Phanerochaetechrysosporium,,Pucciniagraminis,,5,,,18Ustilagomaydis,,(),,“”,,,-,,2.3接合菌和壶菌Phycomycesblakesleeanus,,,β-1318微生物学通报2008,Vol.35,No.8其他,,,[12]Encephalitozooncuniculi,,(),,,2.5Mb,11,2000,,,Stramenopiles,,,Phytophthora59,P.infestansP.ramorumP.sojae,,226581574319027[13]3结束语,,,-,,,致谢：GuelphTomHsiang,参考文献[1]GoffeauA,BarrellBG,BusseyH,etal.Lifewith6000genes.Science,1996,274:546−567.[2]WoodVR,GwilliamMA,RajandreamM,etal.Thege-nomesequenceofSchizosaccharomycespombe.Nature,2002,415:871−880.[3]GalaganJE,CalvoSE,BorkovichKA,etal.ThegenomesequenceofthefilamentousfungusNeurosporacrassa.Nature,2003,422:859−868.[4]BernalA,EarU,KyrpidesN,etal.GenomesOnLineDa-tabase(GOLD):amonitorofgenomeprojectsworld-wide.NucleicAcidsRes,2001,29:126−127.[5]HsiangT,BaillieDL.Issuesincomparativefungalge-nomics.AppliedMycologyandBiotechnology,2006,6:100−122.[6]XuJR,PengYL,DickmanMB,etal.Thedawnoffungalpathogengenomics.AnnuRevPhytopathol,2006,44:337−366.[7]GalaganJE,HennMR,MaLJ,etal.GenomicsofthefungalKingdom:insightsintoeukaryoticbiology.Ge-nomeRes,2005,15:1620−1631.[8]GalaganJE,CalvoSE,Cu